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題名：華人的自我評價與自我肯定歷程
書刊名：本土心理學研究
作者：孫蒨如 引用關係／王崇信
作者(外文)：Sun, Chien-ru／Wang, Chung-hsin
出版日期：2005
卷期：24
頁次：頁139-187
主題關鍵詞：自我肯定歷程；自我設限；自我評價；社會取向自我；相依我；個人取向自我；華人；獨立我；Chinese；Independent self；Individual-oriented self；Interdependent self；Self-affirmation；Self-evaluation；Self-handicapping；Social-oriented self
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:727
  • 點閱點閱:313
Numerous studies conducted in western cultures have demonstrated that the self-affirmation process is trigged when people experience a threat to their self-image and that it runs its course until the image is restored. As self-construal varies with culture, this study investigates the self-affirmation process of culturally Chinese people. In Experiment 1, 96 university students who had been prescreened with a social values scale were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions in a 2 (economic value orientation: high vs. low) × 3 (feedback condition: no feedback vs. positive feedback vs. economic subscale) factorial design. The main dependent measure of interest was the self-handicapping index. As predicted, the self-affirmation process reduced participants’ tendency to self-handicap. Those who received non-contingent positive feedback stil1 had a strong tendency to self-handicap. Facing possible impact to the independent self-image, the self-affirmation process was triggered to restore self-evaluation. In Experiment 2, 70 pre-selected theoretical-oriented culturally Chinese university students worked in pairs to complete a task. Threat to the interdependent self aspect was produced by giving the false negative feedback to participants that they were evaluated by the other party as performing inadequately as a partner. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: parent-son relationship affirmation, friend relationship affirmation, theoretical value affirmation, filler questionnaire, or the no feedback condition as the control group. The important dependent measures were the participants' evaluations of the cooperative process and their partner. Those who filled out the parent-son relationship affirmation questionnaire, as well as those who received no negative feedback, made significant1y better evaluations of the cooperative process and the partner than those in other conditions. That is, when experiencing negative impact on their interdependent self-construal, affirming important relationships, especially the one with parents, restores the self-image. When the interdependent self-aspect was threatened, self-affirmation on important personal values did little to restore self-evaluation. Implications are discussed.
期刊論文
1.Kanagawa, Chie、Cross, Susan E.、Markus, H. R.(2001)。"Who Am I?" The Cultural Psychology of the Conceptual Self。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，27(1)，90-103。  new window
2.Heine, S. J.、Lehman, D. R.、Markus, H. R.、Kitayama, S.(1999)。Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?。Psychological Review，106(4)，766-794。  new window
3.Sedikides, C.、Gaertner, L.、Toguchi, Y.(2003)。Pancultural Self-Enhancement。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，84(1)，60-79。  new window
4.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
5.Rhodewalt, F.、Saltzman, A. T.、Wittmer, J.(1984)。Self-handicapping among competitive athletes: The role of practice in self-esteem protection。Basic and Applied Social Psychology，5(3)，197-209。  new window
6.Steele, C. M.(1988)。The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self。Advances in experimental social psychology，21，261-302。  new window
7.Tesser, A.、Cornell, D. P.(1991)。On the confluence of self processes。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，27，501-526。  new window
8.Berglas, Steven、Jones, Edward E.(1978)。Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，36(4)，405-417。  new window
9.Steele, C. M.、Liu, T. J.(1983)。Dissonance processes as self-affirmation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，45，5-19。  new window
10.Kolditz, Thomas A.、Arkin, Robert M.(1982)。An impression management interpretation of the self-handicapping strategy。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，43(3)，492-502。  new window
11.Harris, R. N.、Snyder, C. R.(1986)。The role of uncertain self-esteem in self-handicapping。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51(2)，451-458。  new window
12.Kitayama, S.、Markus, H. R.、Matsumoto, H.、Norasakkunkit, V.(1997)。Individual and Collective Processes in the Construction of the Self: Self Enhancement in the United States and Self-Criticism in Japan。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，72(6)，1245-1267。  new window
13.Liu, T. J.、Steele, C. M.(1986)。Attributional analysis as self-affirmation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51(3)，531-540。  new window
14.Hirt, Edward R.、Deppe, Roberta K.、Gordon, Lesley J.(1991)。Self-reported versus behavioral self-handicapping: Empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，61(6)，981-991。  new window
15.Singelis, Theodore M.(1994)。The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，20(5)，580-591。  new window
16.楊國樞(20041200)。華人自我的理論分析與實徵研究：社會取向與個人取向的觀點。本土心理學研究，22，11-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Kitayama, Shinobu、Matsumoto, Hisaya、Leung, Cecilia、Takata, Toshitake、Heine, Steven J.、Ide, Eugene、Lehman, Darrin R.(2001)。Divergent Consequences of Success and Failure in Japan and North America: An Investigation of Self-improving Motivations and Malleable Selves。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，81(5)，599-615。  new window
18.林以正、黃金蘭(1999)。Are Internality and Externality Exclusive Causes? A Chinese Point of View。Progress in Asian Social Psychology，2，63-74。  new window
19.Mayerson, N. H.、Phodewalt, F.(1988)。The Role of Self-protective Attributions in the Experience of Pain。Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology，6(2)，203-218。  new window
20.Steele, C. M.、Spencer, S. J.、Lynch, M.(1993)。Self-image Resilience and Dissonance: The Role of Affirmational Resources。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，64，885-896。  new window
21.Pyszczynski, Tom、Greenberg, Jeff(1983)。Determinants of Reduction in Intended Effort as a Strategy for Coping with Anticipated Failure。Journal of Research in Personality，17(4)，412-422。  new window
22.Baumeister, Roy F.、Tice, Dianne M.(1990)。Self-esteem, Self-handicapping, and Self-presentation: The Strategy of Inadequate Practice。Journal of Personality，58(2)，443-464。  new window
23.Silverman, Ellen S.、Fan, Ruth Mei-Tai、Law, Josephine Shui Fun、Trafimow, David、Trafimow, D.、Fan, R. M.、Law, J. S. F.、Silverman, E. S.(1997)。The Effects of Language and Priming on the Relative Accessibility of the Private Self and the Collective Self。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，28(1)，107-123。  new window
24.Hetts, J. J.、Sakuma, M.、Pelham, B. W.(1999)。Two Roads to Positive Regard: Implicit and Explicit Self-evaluation and Culture。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，35，512-559。  new window
25.Tice, Dianne M.(1991)。Esteem Protection or Enhancement? Self-handicapping Motives and Attributions Differ by Trait Self-esteem。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60(5)，711-725。  new window
26.Higgins, Raymond L.、Harris, Robert N.(1988)。Strategic Alcohol Use: Drinking to Self-handicap。Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology，6(2)，191-202。  new window
27.Brehm, Jack W.(1956)。Postdecision Changes in the Desirability of Alternatives。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，52(3)，384-389。  new window
28.Frankel, Arthur、Snyder, Melvin L.(1978)。Poor Performance Following Unsolvable Problems: Learned Helplessness or Egotism。Journal of Social Psychology，36(12)，1415-1423。  new window
29.Shikanai, K.(1978)。Effects of Self-esteem on Attribution of Success Failure。Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，18(1)，35-46。  new window
30.Greenwald, Anthony G.(1980)。The Totalitarian Ego: Fabrication and Revision of Personal History。American Psychologist，35(7)，603-618。  new window
31.Kaku, H.、Kojo, K.、Yoshida, T.(1982)。A Study on the Development of Self-presentation in Children。Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology，30，30-37。  new window
32.Takata, T.(1987)。Self-depreciative Tendencies in Self-evaluation through Social Comparison。Japanese. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，27，27-36。  new window
會議論文
1.Markus, H. R.、Cross, Susan E.(1991)。Cultural Adaptation and the Self: Self-construal, Coping, and the Stress。0。  new window
學位論文
1.周逸衡(1983)。國人價值體系與台灣企業管理行為關係之研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳惠邦(1990)。自我設限與行為歸因(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.王有倫(1983)。我國師專學生價值理念及教學態度之研究，0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.James, W.(1892)。Psychology: The Briefer Course。New York, NY：Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
2.Allport, G. W.、Vernon, P. E.、Lindzey, G.(1960)。Study of Values: Manual and test booklet。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
3.費孝通(1948)。鄉土中國。香港：鳳凰出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Spranger, E.(1928)。Types of men: The psychology and ethics of personality。New York：Johnson Reprint Co.。  new window
5.黃光國(20050000)。儒家關係主義：文化反思與典範重建。臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.黃光國(19980000)。知識與行動：中華文化傳統的社會心理詮釋。臺北：心理。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Tesser, Abraham(1986)。Some Effects of Self-evaluation Maintenance on Cognition and Action。Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior。New York, NY：Guilford Press。  new window
其他
1.黃堅厚(1967)。社會興趣量表，0。  延伸查詢new window
2.Gonzalles, J.，Sellschopp, H.，Steele, C. M.(1986)。Dissonance and the Lab Coat: Self-affirmation and the Free Choice Paradigm，0。  new window
圖書論文
1.Snyder, C. R.、Smith, T. W.(1986)。Symptoms as self-handicapping strategies: The virtues of old wine in a new bottle。Integrations of clinical and social psychology。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Rhodewalt, Frederick(1990)。Self-handicappers: Individual differences in the preference for anticipatory, self-protective acts。Self-handicapping: The paradox that isn't。New York：Plenum Press。  new window
3.Arkin, R. M.、Baumgardner, A. H.(1985)。Self-handicapping。Attribution: Basic issues and applications。New York。  new window
4.Hsu, F. L. K.(1985)。The self in cross-cultural perspective。Culture and Self: Asian and Western perspectives。Tavistock。  new window
5.何友暉、陳淑娟、趙志裕(19910000)。關係取向：為中國社會心理方法論求答案。中國人的心理與行為。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.楊國樞(1993)。中國人的社會取向：社會互動的觀點。中國人的心理--理念與方法篇。台北：桂冠圖書公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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