臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：華人雙文化自我的個體發展階段：理論建構的嘗試
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：楊國樞 引用關係／劉奕蘭 引用關係／張淑慧 引用關係／王琳
作者(外文)：Yang, Kuo-shu／Liu, Yih-lan／Chang, Shu-hui／Wang, Lin
出版日期：2010
卷期：52:2
頁次：頁113-132
主題關鍵詞：社會取向自我發展；個人取向自我發展；華人自我四元論；雙文化自我發展；雙文化自我發展Y型模式；Four-part theory of Chinese self；Individual-oriented self development；Social-oriented self development；Traditional-modern bicultural self；Y-model of bicultural-self development
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(15) 博士論文(6) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:15
  • 共同引用共同引用:542
  • 點閱點閱:91
近百年來，歷經現代化的社會變遷，華人在思想觀念、動機需求、態度價值、氣質性格、及行為模式等方面，皆已產生廣泛而重大的轉化。影響所及，人們一方面仍保持中國傳統農業社會的若干心理與行為特徵，同時也逐漸形成西方現代工商社會中的若干心理與行為特徵，合而成為一種兼具心理傳統性與現代性的雙文化自我。本文之主要目的是構想一套華人雙文化自我之個體發展階段的理論。首先，我們小幅修改Jane Loevinger (1976, 1983)的自我發展理論，作為個人取向自我發展的五階段模式：(1)前順從階段、(2)順從階段、(3)個人主義化公正階段、(4)自主階段、及(5)個人主義化統合階段。與此五階段相對應之社會取向自我發展的五階段則為：(1)前順從階段、(2)順從階段、(3)集體主義化公正階段、(4)融合階段、及(5)集體主義化統合階段。兩套發展模式之最早的兩個階段相同，後三個階段則不同，因此可用Y型架構予以整合：前兩個階段置於Y型的柄部，後三個階段則分別放在Y型的左右兩臂。最後，本文並提出以實徵方法驗證此一Y型發展階段理論的具體建議。
Cultural ecological research has demonstrated that different ecological environments tend to create different forms of subsistence economy, which in turn make various types of society and culture possible. Thus, agrarian economy facilitates the formation of agricultural society and collectivistic-oriented culture, whereas industrial economy eases the development of industrialized society and individualistic-oriented culture. In order to help the members in these two contrasting types of society and culture to acquire the motives, thoughts, aptitudes, values, temperaments, and behaviors necessary for effectively functioning in their respective subsistence economies, distinctive patterns of socialization practices have to be designed and promoted. The causal sequence as postulated in the above is as follows: Ecological environments→subsistence economies→societies and cultures→socialization practices→psychological and behavioral characteristics. During the long process of societal modernization in Chinese societies (especially Taiwan and Hong Kong) in the last hundred years or so, both traditional agrarian and modern industrial economies have been coexisting for so long a time that a bicultural society has been gradually formed in each of them. In such a society, the collectivistic-oriented and individualistic-oriented cultural elements or aspects are mixed, or even integrated, in daily activities and practices. The traditional-modern bicultural society tends to actualize a bicultural kind of socialization practice, which in turn leads to a bicultural pattern of psychological and behavioral characteristics. In a bicultural society like Taiwan or Hong Kong, people need a bicultural self to integrate their bicultural psychological and behavioral characteristics. Yang (2004) and Lu and Yang (2006) called such a kind of self the traditional-modern bicultural self. Yang proposed that the Chinese bicultural self consists of both the traditional, socialoriented self and the modern, individual-oriented one in accordance with his four-part theory of the Chinese self. The former is further divided into three subselves, respectively labeled as the relationship-, the familistic (group)-, and the other-oriented self. In this paper, a Y-shaped model of the developmental stages for the Chinese bicultural self is proposed. First of all, we slightly modify Jane Loevinger's (1976, 1983) six-stage model of ego development to form a five-stage one for the ontogenetic development of the individual-oriented self: (1) Preconformity Stage, (2) Conformity Stage, (3) Individualistically Conscientious Stage, (4) Autonomous Stage, and (5) Individualistically Integrated Stage. In contrast to this model, a five-stage one for the development of the social-oriented self is constructed to include the following corresponding stages: (1) Preconformity Stage, (2) Conformity Stage, (3) Collectivistically Conscientious Stage, (4) Homonomous Stage, and (5) Collectivistically Integrated Stage. The earliest two stages are identical in the two five-stage models, whereas the later three in one model are diametrically different, in one way or another, from the corresponding ones in the other. It is thus possible to place the early two stages on the stem of the Y-form layout. Beyond the intersection point, the later three successive stages for the social-oriented self are placed on the left arm, and the corresponding three for the individual-oriented self on the right one. A Y-shaped developmental model for the Chinese bicultural self is thus conceptually proposed. The defining psychological (cognitive, motivational, affectional, and intentional) and behavioral characteristics of such a self are described for each stage on the stem and the two arms, so that the empirical test of this Y-form developmental model of the Chinese self could be made feasible. Finally, some preliminary recommendations for empirically testing the Y-model of bicultural-self development are made. It is suggested that the whole age range for the participants to be used should be from 3 to 70 years old, and this range may be divided into three age groups: (1) kindergarten children and 1-4 grade pupils, (2) 5-6 grade pupils and junior and senior high school students, and (3) college students and ordinary adults. The validity of the Y-model will be tested by using participants from the three age groups in three consecutive years in Taiwan and Mainland China.
期刊論文
1.Siegel, H.(2006)。Epistemological diversity and education research: Much ado about nothing much?。Educational Researcher，35(2)，3-12。  new window
2.Triandis, H. C.(1993)。Collectivism and individualism as cultural syndromes。Cross-Cultural Research，27(3/4)，155-180。  new window
3.Block, J.(1982)。Assimilation, accommodation, and the dynamics of personality development。Child Development，53，281-295。  new window
4.Lieber, E.、Fung, H. D.、Leung, P. W. L.(2006)。Chinese child-rearing beliefs: Key dimensions and contributions to the development of culture-appropriate assessment。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，9，140-147。  new window
5.Chang, W. C.、Wong, W. K.、Koh, B. K.(2003)。Chinese values in Singapore: Traditional and modern。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，6，5-29。  new window
6.Erikson, E. H.(1959)。Identity and the life cycle: Selected papers。Psychological Issues，1，5-165。  new window
7.陸洛、楊國樞(20050600)。社會取向與個人取向的自我實現觀：概念分析與實徵初探。本土心理學研究，23，3-69。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Loevinger, J.(1966)。The meaning and measurement of ego development。American Psychologist，21，195-206。  new window
9.楊國樞、陸洛(20050600)。社會取向自我實現者與個人取向自我實現者的心理特徵：概念分析與實徵衡鑑。本土心理學研究，23，71-143。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.White, Robert W.(1959)。Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence。Psychological Review，66(5)，297-333。  new window
11.Lu, Luo、Yang, Kuo-Shu(2006)。Emergence and composition of the traditional-modern bicultural self of people in contemporary Taiwanese societies。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，9(3)，167-175。  new window
12.陸洛(20031200)。人我關係之界定--「折衷自我」的現身。本土心理學研究，20，139-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.楊國樞(19971200)。心理學研究的本土契合性及其相關問題。本土心理學研究，8，75-120。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.楊國樞(20041200)。華人自我的理論分析與實徵研究：社會取向與個人取向的觀點。本土心理學研究，22，11-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Barron, F.(1953)。An ego-strength scale which predicts response to psychotherapy。Journal of Consulting Psychology，17，327-333。  new window
16.Li, S. C.(2003)。Bicultural orchestration of developmental plasticity across levels: The interplay of biology and culture in shaping the mind and behavior across the life span。Psychological Bulletin，129，171-194。  new window
17.Loevinger, J.(1983)。On ego development and thestructure of personality。Developmental Review，3，339-350。  new window
18.Manners, J.、Durkin, K.(2000)。Processes involved in adult ego development: A conceptual framework。Developmental Review，20，475-513。  new window
19.Holt , R. R.(1974)。Review of measuring ego development。Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases，158，310-316。  new window
20.Cohen, D.(2001)。Cultural variation: Considerations andimplications.。Psychological Bulletin，127，451-471.。  new window
會議論文
1.Yang, K. S.(2004)。Toward a theory of the Chinese self: Conceptual analysis in terms of social orientation and individual orientation。The Symposium on Chinese Self Process, Knowledge, and Evaluation。I-lan County：Department of Psychology, Fu Guang Universit。1-52。  new window
圖書
1.Weber, Max、Shils, Edward、Finch, Henry(1903)。The methodology of the social sciences。Glencoe, Illinois：Free Press。  new window
2.Erikson, E. H.(1982)。The Life Cycle Completed。The Life Cycle Completed。New York：W.W. Norton ＆ Company。  new window
3.Marsella, Anthony J.、Devos, George、Hsu, Francis L. K.(1985)。Culture and self: Asian and western perspectives。New York：Tavistock。  new window
4.(1993)。Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice。Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice。Albany, NY：State University of New York Press。  new window
5.Jung, Carl G.、Dell, Stanley(1939)。The Integration of the Personality。New York, NY：Farrar & Rinehart。  new window
6.Berry, J. W.(1976)。Human ecology and cogni-tive style: Comparative studies in cultural and psychological adaptation。New York, NY：Sage/Halsted。  new window
7.Angyal, A.(1941)。Foundations for a Science of Personality。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Horney, K.(1950)。Neurosis and human growth。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
9.楊鑫輝(1994)。中國心理學思想史。江西教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Triandis, Harry C.(1994)。Culture and Social Behavior。McGraw-Hill。  new window
11.Erikson, E. H.(1964)。Insight and Responsibility。New York：Norton & Company。  new window
12.Sullivan, Harry Stack、韋子木、張榮皋(2000)。精神病學的人際理論。台北：昭明。  延伸查詢new window
13.Mahler, M. S.、Pine, F.、Bergman, A.(1975)。The psychological birth of the human infant: Symbiosis and individuation。New York：Basic Books。  new window
14.高覺敷(1985)。中國心理學史。北京市：人民教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.Kegan, Robert(1982)。The evolving self: Problem and process in human development。Harvard University Press。  new window
16.Loevinger, Jane(1976)。Ego development: Conceptions and theories。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
17.Lukes, Steven(1973)。Individualism。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。  new window
18.Kohlberg, L.(1981)。The Meaning and Measurement of Moral Development。Worcester, MA：Clark University Press。  new window
19.Erikson, Erik Homburger(1963)。Childhood and Society。W. W. Norton Publishing Co.。  new window
20.Heider, Fritz(1958)。The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
21.Piaget, Jean、Gabain, Marjorie(1965)。The Moral Judgment of the Child。Free Press。  new window
22.Horney, Karen(1945)。Our inner conflicts。W. W. Norton。  new window
23.Maslow, Abraham H.、Frager, Robert、Fadiman, James、McReynolds, C.(1970)。Motivation and Personality。Harper。  new window
24.Allport, Gordon Willard(1961)。Pattern and Growth in Personality。Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
25.Triandis, Harry Charalambos(1995)。Individualism and collectivism。Westview Press。  new window
26.Bandura, A.、Wessels, S.(1997)。Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control。New York：Freeman。  new window
27.楊國樞(1993)。〈傳統價值觀與現代價值觀能否同時並存？〉。《中國人的價值觀──社會科學觀點》。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
28.燕國材(1999)。〈性習心理思想〉。《中國古代心理學思想史》。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
29.盧文格、布萊西、李維(1976)。《自我的發展： 概念與理論》。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
30.Allport, G. W.(1955)。Becoming: Basic considerations for a psychology of personality。New Haven, CT。  new window
31.Ames, R. T.,、Kasulis, T. P.、Dissanayake, W.(1994)。Self as person in Asian theory and practice。Albany, NY：State University of New York Press。  new window
32.Ames, Roger T.、Kasulis, T. P.、Dissanayake, W.(1998)。Self as image in Asian theory and practice。Albany, NY：State University of New York Press。  new window
33.Blasi, A.(1998)。Loevinger’s theory of ego development and its relationship to the cognitive-developmental approach。Personality development: Theoretical, empirical,and clinical investigations of Loevinger’s conception of ego development。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
34.Broughton, J. M.(1985)。The surrender of control:Computer literacy as political socialization of the child。The computer in education: A critical perspective。New York。  new window
35.Broughton, J. M.,、Zahaykevich, M. K.(1988)。Ego and ideology:A critical review of Loevinger’s theory。Self, ego, and identity:Integrative approaches。New York。  new window
36.Cole, M.(1999)。Culture in development。Developmental psychology: An advanced textbook (4th ed.)。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
37.Diamond, J.(1997)。Guns, germs, and the steel。New York。  new window
38.Erikson, E. H.(1985)。The life cycle completed: A review。New York。  new window
39.Kohlberg, L.(1982)。The empirical relationship between moral and ego development: A preliminary report。Cambridge, MA。  new window
40.Kohlberg, L.(1986)。An update of the moral stage theory。Lawrence Kohlberg:Consensus and controversy。Brighton, UK。  new window
41.Lavouvie-Vief, G.,、Diehl, M.(1998)。The role of ego development in the adult self。Personality development:Theoretical, empirical, and clinical investigations of Loevinger’s conception of ego development。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
42.Lee, L.,、Snarey, J.(1988)。The relationship between ego and moral development: A theoretical review and empirical analysis。Self, ego, and identity: Integrative approaches。New York。  new window
43.Loevinger, J.,、Wessler, R.(1970)。Measuring ego development I: Construction and use of a sentence completion test。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
44.Mahler, M. S.(1968)。On human symbiosis and the vicissitudes of individuation: Infantile psychosis。New York。  new window
45.Williams, R.(1973)。Keywords。Oxford, UK。  new window
46.Yang, K. S.(2003)。Beyond Maslow’s culture-bound linear theory:A preliminary statement of the double-Y model of basic human needs。Nebraska Symposium on Motivation:Vol. 49. Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self。Lincoln, NE：University of Nebraska Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Block, J.、Block, J. H.(1980)。The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior。The Minnesota symposia on child psychology。Hillsdale, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
2.Yang, K. S.(1988)。Will societal modernization eventually eliminate cross-cultural psychological differences?。The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology。Sage。  new window
3.Yang, K. S.(1995)。Chinese social orientation: An integrative analysis。Chinese societies and mental health。Hong Kong：New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Kim, U.(1994)。Individualism and Collectivism: Conceptual Clarification and Elaboration。Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications。Sage。  new window
5.楊國樞(1993)。中國人的社會取向：社會互動的觀點。中國人的心理--理念與方法篇。台北：桂冠圖書公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Yang, K. S.(1996)。Psychological transformation of the Chinese people as a result of societal modernization。The handbook of Chinese psychology。Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Marcia, J. E.(1988)。Common processes underlying ego identity,cognitive/moral development,and individuation。Self, ego, and identity: Integrative approaches。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
8.Rogers, C. R.(1959)。A theory of therapy, personality,and interpersonal relationships, as developed in clientcentered framework。Psychology: A study of a science。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：686（臺灣：663，外國：23） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1408417 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67213587
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上