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題名：盼望的雙元性--新盼望量表之建構及效度檢證
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：駱月娟／黃囇莉 引用關係／林以正／黃光國
作者(外文)：Luo, Yueh-chuan／Huang, Li-li／Lin, Yi-cheng／Hwang, Kwang-kuo
出版日期：2010
卷期：52:3
頁次：頁265-285
主題關鍵詞：文化比較；主控思考；努力；防衛型悲觀；盼望；Agency thinking；Cultural comparison；Defensive pessimism；Effort；Hope
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(10) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:10
  • 共同引用共同引用:948
  • 點閱點閱:375
Snyder(1994, 2000)的盼望理論(hope theory)強調以未來成功的想像激勵個體積極向前，這是一種「提昇式盼望」，包含主控思考與路徑思考兩因子。但華人文化中的盼望，強調在失敗、受苦後產生的柔性、沉靜的力量，本研究稱之為「寧靜盼望」，包含超越順應與努力不懈兩因子。本研究以此雙元盼望概念中的四因子編制新量表，且以兩個實證研究檢測新量表的建構效度。研究一以267位台灣大學生為對象，以問卷調查法蒐集資料。問卷中除了四因子的測量變項外，還包括樂觀、自我效能、自尊、內控傾向、防衛型悲觀及社會讚許等效標變項。結果顯示；台灣大學生在四盼望因子上均有偏高傾向，從模式競爭中得到高階雙因子（提昇式盼望與寧靜盼望）四因素（主控思考、路徑思考、超越順應及努力不懈）的模型具有更好的模型適配度。另外顯示，新盼望量表具有良好的聚斂效度與區辨效度。研究二以665位台灣大學生為對象，以問卷調查法蒐集資料。測量的變項包含盼望四因子、生活滿意、正向情緒、無望威及心理憂鬱，以檢視新量表的增益效度。結果顯示，增加超越順應與努力不懈兩因子後，比原有的提昇式盼望增加了對正、負向心理適應的總預測力；其中，提昇式盼望對正向心理適應（生活滿意度）有較高預測；而寧靜盼望則對負向心理適應（如無望威）有較高預測，較不導致負向心理適應問題。最後，本論文從文化觀點討論，增加寧靜盼望具有補足西方盼望理論之意義。
The Hope Theory (Snyder, 1994, 2000) emphasizes that the imagination of future success inspires individuals to go forwards. Hope includes two factors, agency thinking and pathway thinking, and can be termed as "enhanced hope." However, Chinese culture values the strengths of flexibility and calmness derived from the persistence in face of failure and suffering. This culture-specific consideration is proposed and termed as "peaceful hope." It includes transcendental adaptation and persisting effort. In this article, duality of hope and four factors, namely agency thinking, pathway thinking, transcendental adaptation, and persisting effort, were constructed to develop a new scale. Then, two empirical studies were conducted to test their validity. In study 1, a survey was conducted and Taiwanese college students (N=267) were asked to complete a questionnaire that included the scales for four hope factors and other criteria variables, such as optimism, self efficacy, internal control, defensive pessimism, and social desirability. The results showed that participants had high tendency to the four hope factors. Through models competing, a higher-order model with two hopes (enhanced hope, peaceful hope) combing four factors (agency thinking, pathway thinking, transcendental adaptation, and persisting effort) and fitting indicators was undisputed and accepted. In addition, the new Hope Scale exhibited good convergent and discriminate validities. In study 2, in order to test the increase validity of the new Hope Scale, another survey using the questionnaire was conducted. Data was collected from 665 Taiwan college students. In the questionnaire, besides the scale for four hope factors, scales for measuring life satisfaction, positive affection, hopelessness, and depression were also included. The results indicated that two peaceful hope factors (transcendental adaptation and persisting effort) explain additional variance over and above the contribution of the original enhanced Hope Scale in predicting both positive and negative adaptation. The enhanced hope predicted more positive adaptation (life satisfaction), while peaceful hope showed stronger negative correlation with negative adaptation (hopelessness). That is to say, peaceful hope led to less hopelessness. Finally, we discuss cultural aspects of hope research as the eastern peaceful hope component advances and complement the western hope theory.
期刊論文
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2.Chang, E. C.、Maydeu-Olivares, A.、D'Zurilla, T. J.(1997)。Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: Relationship to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being。Personality and Individual Differences，23(3)，433-440。  new window
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6.Snyder, C. R.、Feldman, D. B.、Taylor, J. D.、Schroeder, L. L.、Adams, V. H. III(2000)。The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths。Applied and Preventive Psychology，9(4)，249-269。  new window
7.Norem, J. K.、Cantor, N.(1986)。Defensive pessimism: Harnessing anxiety as motivation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，51(6)，1208-1217。  new window
8.Beck, A. T.、Weissman, A.、Lester, D.、Trexler, L.(1974)。The Measurement of Pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，42(6)，861-865。  new window
9.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
10.Watson, D.、Clark, L. A.、Tellegen, A.(1988)。Development and validation of brief measurement of positive and negative affect: the panas scales。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，54(6)，1063-1070。  new window
11.Zhang, J. X.、Schwarzer, R.(1995)。Measuring optimistic self-beliefs: A Chinese adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale。Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient，38(3)，174-181。  new window
12.Rothbaum, F.、Weisz, J. R.、Snyder, S. S.(1982)。Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，42(1)，5-37。  new window
13.Chien, C. P.、Cheng, T. A.(1985)。Depression in Taiwan: Epidemiological survey utilizing CES-D。Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica，87(5)，335-338。  new window
14.Sheldon, Kennon M.、King, Laura(2001)。Why positive psychology is necessary?。American Psychologist，56(3)，216-217。  new window
15.Taylor, Shelley E.、Brown, Jonathon D.(1988)。Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health。Psychological Bulletin，103(2)，193-210。  new window
16.Norem, J. K.、Chang, E. C.(2002)。The positive psychology of negative thinking。Journal of Clinical Psychology，58(9)，993-1001。  new window
17.Peterson, C.(2000)。The future of optimism。American Psychologist，55(1)，44-55。  new window
18.Taylor, Shelley E.、Kemeny, Margaret E.、Reed, Geoffrey M.、Bower, Julienne E.、Gruenewald, Tara L.(2000)。Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health。American Psychologist，55(1)，99-109。  new window
19.Diener, Edward D.、Emmons, Robert A.、Larsen, Randy J.、Griffin, Sharon(1985)。The satisfaction with life scale。Journal of Personality Assessment，49(1)，71-75。  new window
20.Seligman, Martin E. P.、Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly(2000)。Positive psychology: An introduction。American Psychologist，55(1)，5-14。  new window
21.Diener, Carol I.、Dweck, Carol S.(1978)。An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance, strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，36(5)，451-462。  new window
22.Dweck, Carol S.、Leggett, Ellen L.(1988)。A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality。Psychological Review，95(2)，256-273。  new window
23.Snyder, C. R.、Harris, C.、Anderson, J. R.、Holleran, S. A.、Irving, L. M.、Sigmon, S. T.、Yoshinobu, L.、Gibb, J.、Langelle, C.、Harney, P.(1991)。The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60(4)，570-585。  new window
24.Little, Todd D.、Cunningham, William A.、Shahar, Golan、Widaman, Keith F.(2002)。To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits。Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal，9(2)，151-173。  new window
25.Bagozzi, Richard P.、Yi, Youjae(1988)。On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models。Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science，16(1)，74-94。  new window
26.Heine, Steven J.、Lehman, Darrin R.(1995)。Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，68(4)，595-607。  new window
27.Pavot, W.、Diener, E.(1993)。Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale。Psychological Assessment，5(2)，164-172。  new window
28.彭台光、高月慈、林鉦棽(20060200)。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23(1)，77-98。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.Radloff, Lenore Sawyer(1977)。The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population。Applied Psychological Measurement，1(3)，385-401。  new window
30.Bandura, Albert(1982)。Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency。American Psychologist，37(2)，122-147。  new window
31.楊國樞(19930600)。我們為什麼要建立中國人的本土心理學？。本土心理學研究，1，6-88。new window  延伸查詢new window
32.Snyder, C. R.、Sympson, S. C.、Ybasco, F. C.、Borders, T. F.、Babyak, M. A.、Higgins, R. L.(1996)。Development and validation of the State Hope Scale。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，70(2)，321-335。  new window
33.Cheng, C.(2009)。Dialectical thinking and coping flexibility: A multi-method approach。Journal of Personality，77，471-494。  new window
34.Chiu, C., Hong, Y.,、Dweck, C. S.(1997)。Lay dispositions and implicit theories of personality。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，73，19-30。  new window
35.Cutcliffe, J. R.(1998)。Hope, counseling and complicated bereavement reactions。Journal of Advanced Nursing，28，754-761。  new window
36.Erickson, R. C., Post, R.,、Paige, A.(1975)。Hope as a psychiatric variable。Journal of Clinical Psychology，31，324-329。  new window
37.Forgas, J. P.(2007)。When sad is better than happy: Negative affect can improve the quality and effectiveness of persuasive messages and social influence strategies。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，43，513-528。  new window
38.Frank, J. D.(1968)。The role of hope in psychotherapy。International Journal of Psychiatry，5(5)，383-395。  new window
39.Gottschalk, L. A.(1974)。A Hope Scale applicable to verbal samples。Archives of General Psychiatry，30，779-785。  new window
40.Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C.(2001)。Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，81，599-615。  new window
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43.Norem, J. K.(2002)。Defensive self-deception and social adaptation among optimists。Journal of Research in Personality，36(6)，549-555。  new window
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會議論文
1.裘鎮寧、林以正(2007)。台灣是「希望落差」社會嗎？—努力概念之效應及變遷〉。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.廖玲燕(2000)。台灣本土社會讚許量表之編製及其心理歷程分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.Gibb, J.(1990)。The Hope Scale revisited: Further validation of a measure of individual differences in the hope motive，Illinois。  new window
圖書
1.Godfrey, J. J.(1987)。A philosophy of human hope。Dordrecht, Germany：Martinus Nijhoff Publishers。  new window
2.Seligman, M. E. P.、Reivich, K. J.、Jaycox, L. H.、Gillham, J.(1995)。The Optimistic Child。Houghton Mifflin。  new window
3.Erikson, E. H.(1964)。Insight and Responsibility。New York：Norton & Company。  new window
4.Hair, J. F.、Anderson, R. E.、Tatham, R. L.、Black, W. C.(1995)。Multivariate data analysis with readings。Upper Saddler River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
5.Averill, J. R.、Catlin, G.、Chon, K. K.(1990)。Rules of hope。Springer-Verlag。  new window
6.Dweck, C. S.(1999)。Self-theories and goals: Their role in motivation, personality, and development。Philadelphia：Psychology Press。  new window
7.黃囇莉(19990000)。人際和諧與衝突：本土化的理論與研究。臺北市：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Kline, R. B.(1998)。Principle and practice of structural equation modeling。New York, NY：Guilford Press。  new window
9.Stevenson, Harold W.、Stigler, James W.(1992)。The Learning Gap: Why Our Schools Are Failing and What We Can Learn from Japanese and Chinese Education。Touchstone Books。  new window
10.邱皓政(2003)。結構方程模式--LISREL的理論、技術與應用。雙葉書廊。  延伸查詢new window
11.Jöreskog, Karl G.、Sörbom, Dag(1993)。LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language。Scientific Software International。  new window
12.黃光國(20090000)。儒家關係主義：哲學反思、理論建構與實徵研究。臺北：心理。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Syner, C. R.(2000)。Handbook of hope: Theory, Measures, and Application。Academic Press。  new window
14.Affleck, G., Tennen, H.,、Apter, A.(2001)。Optimism,pessimism, and daily life with chronic illness。Implications for theory, research, and practice。Washington, DC。  new window
15.Breznitz, S.(1986)。The effect of hope on coping with stress。Dynamics of stress: Physiological, psychological, and social perspectives。New York。  new window
16.Hong, Y., Chiu, C.,、Dweck, C. S.(1995)。Implicit theories of intelligence: Reconsidering the role of confidence in achievement motivation。Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem。New York。  new window
17.Norem, J. K.(2002)。The power of negative thinking。New York。  new window
18.Singleton, J.(1995)。Gambaru: A Japanese cultural theory of learning。Japanese schooling: Patterns of socialization, equality, and political control。Philadelphia。  new window
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圖書論文
1.黃囇莉(2002)。孰可忍？孰不可忍？從現代化的「批判」到本土化的「堅忍」之間。現代化到本土化。臺北：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.Rosenberg, M.(1965)。Society And the Adolescent Self-image。The Self。San Francisco：McGraw Hill。  new window
3.Levenson, H.(1981)。Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance。Research with the locus of control construct。New York, NY：Academic Press。  new window
4.Michael, S. T.(2002)。Hope conquers fear: Overcoming anxiety and panic attacks。Handbook of hope: Theory, measures, and applications。San Diego, CA：Academic。  new window
5.Schwarzer, R.、Jerusalem, M.(1995)。Generalized self-efficacy scale。Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs。Windsor：NFER-NELSON。  new window
6.Snyder, C. R.、Cheaven, J.、Michael, S. T.(1999)。Hoping。Coping: The psychology of what works。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Curry, Lewis A.、Snyder, C. R.(2000)。Hope Takes the Field: Mind Matters in Athletic Performances。Handbook of Hope Theory, Measures, & Applications。San Diego, CA：Academic。  new window
 
 
 
 
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