中國古典文學作品中，將疾病(illness)作為文本中重要情節發展的表現手法頗為多見。一般而言，作者藉由疾病的創傷、苦痛的敘事，除了是對於現實世界的控訴或教訓外，另一方面，也將其「自我理想化」或對於完美世界追尋的理想寄託其中。作者透過以疾病為題的書寫策略，進行對於現實社會現象的批判。在敘事結構中，疾病的描述成了作者意有所指的絃外之音，成了作者於作品結構中堆疊文學意象(image)的重要憑藉。因此，對於疾病隱喻的探究也成了讀者解讀文本意義時的重要根據。疾病在文學書寫中便成為一種象徵(symbol)或隱喻(metaphor)。因此，本文試圖從小說、戲曲所具的教化意識，以「離魂症」及「梅毒」為例，藉此試圖探究疾病於文學文本中的隱喻性，並進一步探究在文學的解讀上，是否有其一定的脈絡可尋。

Throughout the ages, the illness often become an important motif of the narrative literature creation. The author take the narrative of the disease as for the reality of social criticism. The description of the disease in its narrative structure, has become a meaningful tone, and the formation of a specific literary image. Therefore, the exploration of disease metaphor has become an important basis for readers to interpret the meaning of the text. The disease becomes a symbol, metaphor in literary writing. In this paper, we try to explore the metaphor and meaning of disease in literary texts by discussing dispersed soul hallucination, tuberculosis and syphilis. In addition, the significance of these diseases in the text of the discussion, but also try to explain in the literary works, for the interpretation of the disease, whether it has a stable context to follow.