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題名:社會福利機構專業資源網絡建構之研究
作者:翁慧圓
作者(外文):Weng Hui-Yuan
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:簡春安
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2011
主題關鍵詞:社會福利機構專業資源網絡社會交換理論制度理論social welfare organizationprofessional resource networking constructionsocial exchange theoryinstitutionalism
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:269
中文摘要
本研究從社會交換理論與制度理論的觀點,探究社會福利機構專業資源網絡之建構。一方面從研究結果的呈現,呼籲社會各界重視社會福利機構間之專業資源落差情形,特別是嚴重資源匱乏組織,所產生的社工專業人員不斷流失,與專業服務無法累積之惡性循環現象;另一方面透過對專業資源連結歷程與內涵之討論與建議,提供社會福利網絡中之成員組織,在建構資源網絡時之參考依據。
研究者首先說明當前社會福利機構的專業資源狀況,和資源網絡之建構與運作情形,並整理並討論和資源連結有關的社會交換理論與制度理論,作為後續研究之參考架構。研究者採理論性取樣的方式,自北、中、南三區選取資源規模不同之社會福利機構,共選取14個合適的受訪機構。研究者以一對一深度訪談的方式,收集這些受訪者所屬之組織,有關專業資源之網絡連結資料,並依據訪談資料的整理與歸納,以研究結果為基礎,提出建構專業資源網絡之建議。
本研究發現二個關鍵的核心概念,一是以組織「自利精神」為基礎的連結理念,其次是「準市場化」的資源網絡運作模式。此二關鍵的核心概念貫穿於整個社會福利機構專業資源的連結過程中,本研究結果即顯示:在理性與自利精神的信念基礎上,當前社會福利機構以多元的途徑,透過志願性與制度性併行的準市場連結策略,換取組織存續與成長所需資源的正向效益,同時,也在組織內外在環境因素影響下,付出了諸多負面的代價,導致國內社會福利機構之專業資源網絡呈現出「大者恆大,弱者恆小」的網絡樣貌。
本研究顯示,「政策與經費導向」已成為社會福利機構網絡建構之普遍現象。多數社福機構因經費需求與政府和聯勸進行制度性之連結,從中獲取的專業資源,在質與量上,已明顯優於在自由市場中之志願性連結所得的資源。然而,扮演資源公平分配之政府與聯勸,卻也在組織之自利考量下,產生制度失靈,更加弱化小型組織之專業實力。因此,依據研究結果,研究者建議在資源相互依存的信念下,提倡自利前提下的互助觀;同時建構平衡志願性與制度化交流的連結機制,包含:充實志願性交流之資源內涵、倡導公共財之理念和善用科技建立社會工作知識平台、建立績效導向的志願性交流策略,其次,需鼓勵聯盟式組織之交流模式,增強社會福利組織間之定位策略、並提升制度運作之公權力;最後,研究者提出應建立產官學共構之專業資源環境,以符合社會福利機構的期望與需求。研究者也對本研究進行之相關限制做探討,並對研究限制提出未來研究可行方向的建議。
關鍵字:社會福利機構、專業資源網絡、社會交換理論、制度理論
Abstract
The research explores the professional resource network construction of social welfare organization from the viewpoint of social exchange theory and institutionalism. On one hand, with the presentation of research results, an appeal is expected to be made public to take the differences in social resources among social welfare organizations seriously, especially the vicious circle phenomenon of continuing brain drain of social work professionals as well as the inability to accumulate experience in professional services in organizations facing severe resource shortages. On the other hand, through the discussions and suggestions of the mechanism and culture in the association of professional resources, the research will provide basic referral information for the member organizations of social welfare network when constructing resource network.
The researcher firstly explains the status quo of social resources among social welfare organizations as well as the situation of constructing and operating the resource network. Then, the social exchange theory and institutionalism related to resource association are discussed to be a referential framework for follow-up research. By adopting the mode of theoretical sampling, the researcher chooses social welfare organizations of different social resource scales from northern, central and southern Taiwan. The chosen organizations which are suitable for interview are 15 in total. Through in-depth interviews on one to one basis, the researcher collects information about the network association of professional resources from the organizations of these respondents and makes suggestions for constructing professional resource network on the base of research results from sorting and inducing the interview information.
Two core concepts are discovered in the research process; one is the concept of association based on “self-benefit appeal” for organization, and the other is the operation mode of “accurate marketability” for resource network. The two key concepts penetrate through the whole process of associating professional resources among social welfare organizations. The research results reveal that on the base of the concepts of rationality and self-benefit appeal, the existing social welfare organizations use both voluntary and institutional accurate market association strategy in diverse ways to positively benefit from the resources required for organizational sustainability and growth. However, the organizations at the same time have to pay negative prices under the influence of environmental factors inside and outside the organization, which leads to the features of “the strong are always the big ones and the weak, the small ones” appearing in the professional resource network of domestic social welfare organizations.
The research also indicates the institutional association made by most social welfare organizations due to the expenditure needs brings about professional resources obviously better than those acquired by voluntary association in the free market in terms of quality and quantity. Nevertheless, our government and United Way of Taiwan that play an important role in distributing resources fairly also produce institution failure under the consideration of organization self-benefit and thus further weaken the professional ability of small organizations. Therefore, according to the research results, the researcher suggests that we should promote the concept of mutual aid on the premise of self-benefit under the belief that resources are interdependent. Meanwhile, it is also suggested that a mechanism which can balance the exchange of voluntary and institutional association should be established, including enriching the resource content of voluntary exchange, promoting the idea of common property as well as making good use of technology to set up a social work knowledge sharing platform, devising results-oriented strategy for voluntary exchange, encouraging the exchange mode of alliance organizations, strengthening the positioning strategy among social welfare organizations, and enhancing the coercive power of institution operation. Finally, the researcher proposes that a professional resource environment among industrial, official and academic circles should be created, so as to meet the expectation and need of social welfare organizations. The researcher also explores the limitations related to the research and advances suggestions to the limitations as feasible directions for future research.
Keyword:social welfare organization, professional resource networking construction, social exchange theory, institutionalism.
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