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題名:長期照顧機構安寧療護服務模式之研究
作者:李依臻
作者(外文):LEE, I-JHEN
校院名稱:國立暨南國際大學
系所名稱:社會政策與社會工作學系
指導教授:黃源協
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:長期照護機構安寧療護照護模式long-term care institutionhospice and palliative carecare model
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究透過長期照顧機構住民需求與工作者立場,呈現對長照機構推行安寧療護服務之適切性與看法,並企圖建構安寧療護照護模式,以供相關單位、機構與實務專業人員參考。依地理區域於全國舉辦六場焦點團體會議與深度訪談,分別訪談工作者65位與住民15位。
機構住民因慢性疾病或老化衰退死亡歷程軌跡呈「器官衰竭」或「慢性衰退」軌跡,入住機構宜開始宣導安寧理念,讓住民適時與適切的接受良好之生命末期照護方式。各長期照顧機構所具備之醫療照護、人力配置與資源連結能力各不相同,本身即存有結構因素的差異,也因為結構因素的差異自然發展成適合各機構之安寧型態。機構實行安寧療護時面臨著困境與限制,機構負責人、工作人員、住民、家屬與社區居民,各自不同的立場與價值觀阻礙安寧施行,機構本身的結構面與安寧緩和理念無法接軌,以及醫療體系與機構雙方都因為避免醫療糾紛而未給住民適宜處置。
若要解決所面臨困境,機構須提升相關人員之安寧療護教育認知,並對家屬與住民進行教育與宣導,建立機構的安寧核心團隊成員、制定機構安寧收案制度及服務流程,並解決機構死診開立問題、促進DNR同意書的通用性,設立安寧療護或臨終關懷之住民獨立空間。建議政策促進機構實施安寧療護,提供機構負責人實施之誘因,實務面向則應以合作醫院為後盾、建立有效運作團隊,由機構內整頓適當實體設備與空間,建立雙向運作流程與制度,以確認外在資源連結、良善溝通與全人照護之落實,構成安寧療護之各單位的橫向聯繫,提供安寧住民連續性照護。
This study investigated the opinions of residents and workers in long-term care (LTC) institutions concerning the provision of customized hospice and palliative care services in the institutions to establish a hospice and palliative care model that has policy and practical implications. Six focus-group meetings were conducted with 65 LTC institution workers and in-depth interviews with 15 LTC institution residents across Taiwan.
With their residents suffering from organ dysfunction or chronic degeneration induced by chronic illnesses or age-related degeneration, LTC institutions should promote hospice and palliative care in a manner that ensures timely and proper end-of-life care. However, these institutions differ in their approach to administering hospice and palliative care because of differences in the capability to administer medical care, allocate manpower, and link resources. Furthermore, the implementation of such care service in LTC institutions entails several limitations. These include (1) disagreements among the institutions’ directors, workers, and residents, the relatives of the residents, and locals; (2) the failure of the institutions to bring their internal structural characteristics in line with their perceptions about hospice and palliative care; and (3) lack of proper medical treatment for the residents due to the reluctance of the institutions and health facilities to become involved in medical disputes.
To address these limitations, LTC institutions can equip their caregiving personnel with further knowledge about hospice and palliative care, disseminate information about the care service to their residents and the relatives thereof, organize a core team tasked with the care service, develop a system and procedure for derlivering the care service, resolving difficulties issuing death certificates, improve the universality of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, and provide independent spaces for residents under hospice and palliative care or end-of-life care. LTC policies should be formulated in a manner that will facilitate hospice and palliative care implementation in institutional settings. To ensure consistent hospice and palliative care, LTC institutions should liaise closely with hospitals, provide facilities and spaces tailored to their residents, and develop shared processes and systems for hospice and palliative care administration, thereby connecting with external resources, coordinating effectively with their stakeholders, delivering holistic care, and communicating laterally with organizations involved in hospice and palliative care.
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顏敏玲、陳玉敏、葉明珍(2007)。協助一位老人適應遷住養護機構的護理經驗。弘光學報,51,29-36。new window
羅玉岱(2009)。護理之家住民不施行心肺復甦術決策之現況與影響因子探討(未出版碩士論文)。成功大學,台南市。
蘇瑞勇(2003)。醫療機構的策略聯盟。台灣醫界,46(11),52-54。


二、英文部分
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Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Shucter, S., Hutchin, S., Strause, L., Burns, K., Dunn, L., Miller, M., & Zisook, S. . (2002). Depression and grief reactions in hospice caregivers: from pre-death to 1 year afterwards. Journal of Affective Disorders, 69(1–3), 53–60.
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Ferris, F. D., Balfour, H. M., Bowen, K., Farley, J., Hardwick, M., Lamontagne, C., . . . West, P. J. (2002). A model to guide patient and family care: Based on nationally accepted principles and norms of practice. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 24(2), 106-123. doi: Pii S0885-3924(02)00468-2
Furman, C. D., Pirkle, R., O'Brien, J. G., & Miles, T. (2006). Barriers to the implementation of palliative care in the nursing home. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 7(8), 506-509. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.07.008
Gunther, M., & Alligood, M. R. (2002). A discipline-specific determination of high quality nursing care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38(4), 353-359.
Haggerty, J. L., Roberge, D., Freeman, G. K., Beaulieu, C., & Breton, M. (2012). Validation of a generic measure of continuity of care: when patients encounter several clinicians. Annals of Family Medicine, 10(5), 443-451. doi: 10.1370/afm.1378
Hallenbeck, J. (2003). Palliative care perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hanlon, J. T., Perera, S., Sevick, M. A., Rodriguez, K. L., & Jaffe, E. J. (2010). Pain and Its Treatment in Older Nursing Home Hospice/Palliative Care Residents. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11(8), 579-583. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jamda.2009.11.014
Hanson, J., & Grant, M. (2005). Interdisciplinary strategies for improving psychosocial issues in palliative care: Beyond staff education. Psycho-Oncology, 14(1), S69-S69.
Hanson, L. C., Danis, M., & Garrett, J. (1997). What is wrong with end-of-life care? Opinions of bereaved family members. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45(11), 1339-1344.
Hanson, L. C., Henderson, M., & Menon, M. (2002). As individual as death itself: a focus group study of terminal care in nursing homes. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5(1), 117-125. doi: 10.1089/10966210252785088
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Hendrichova, I., Castelli, M., Mastroianni, C., Piredda, M., Mirabella, F., Surdo, L., Casale, G. (2010). Pressure ulcers in cancer palliative care patients. Palliative Medicine, 24(7), 669-673. doi: Doi 10.1177/0269216310376119
Hubner, J., Munstedt, K., Stoll, C., van Oorschot, B., & Lordick, F. (2013). Complementary and alternative medicine in the palliative care of cancer patients. Onkologe, 19(2), 101-+. doi: DOI 10.1007/s00761-012-2380-1
Jaw-Shiun, T., Chih-Hsun, W., Tai-Yuan, C., Wen-Yu, H., & Ching-Yu, C. (2006). Symptom patterns of advanced cancer patients in a palliative care unit. Palliative Medicine, 20(6), 617-622. doi: 10.1177/0269216306071065
Jen-Hau Chen, D.-C. D. C., Dan K. Kiely, John N. Morris and Susan L. Mitchell. (2006). Terminal Trajectories of Functional Decline in the Long-Term Care Setting. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 62, (5), 531-536.
Kamal, A. H., Currow, D. C., Ritchie, C. S., Bull, J., & Abernethy, A. P. (2013). Community-Based Palliative Care: The Natural Evolution for Palliative Care Delivery in the US. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 46(2), 254-264. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.018
Kastenbaum, R. (2005). The psychology of death.2nd ed.
Kayser-Jones, J., Chan, J., & Kris, A. (2005). A model long-term care hospice unit: Care, community, and compassion. Geriatric Nursing, 26(1), 16-+. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2004.11.001
Kayser-Jones, J., Schell, E., Lyons, W., Kris, A. E., Chan, J., & Beard, R. L. (2003). Factors that influence end-of-life care in nursing homes: The physical environment, inadequate staffing, and lack of supervision. Gerontologist, 43, 76-84.
Keay, T. J., Fredman, L., Taler, G. A., Datta, S., & Levenson, S. A. (1994). Indicators of Quality Medical-Care for the Terminally Ill in Nursing-Homes. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(8), 853-860.
Kelly, A., Conell-Price, J., Covinsky, K., Cenzer, I. S., Chang, A., Boscardin, W. J., & Smith, A. K. (2010). Length of Stay for Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes at the End of Life. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(9), 1701-1706. doi: DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03005.x
Kinzbrunner, B. M. (1995). Ethical Dilemmas in Hospice and Palliative Care. Supportive Care in Cancer, 3(1), 28-36. doi: Doi 10.1007/Bf00343918
Kupper, A. L., & Hughes, J. C. (2011). The Challenges of Providing Palliative Care for Older People with Dementia. Current Oncology Reports, 13(4), 295-301. doi: DOI 10.1007/s11912-011-0171-2
Lau, D. T., Masin-Peters, J., Berdes, C., & Ong, M. (2010). Perceived Barriers that Impede Provider Relations and Medication Delivery: Hospice Providers' Experiences in Nursing Homes and Private Homes. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13(3), 305-310. doi: DOI 10.1089/jpm.2009.0283
Lunney, J. R., Lynn, J., Foley, D. J., Lipson, S., & Guralnik, J. M. (2003). Patterns of functional decline at the end of life. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(18), 2387-2392.
Marx, T. L. (2005). Partnering with hospice to improve pain management in the nursing home setting. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 105(3 Suppl 1), S22-26.
McIlfatrick, S., Noble, H., McCorry, N. K., Roulston, A., Hasson, F., McLaughlin, D., Craig, A. (2014). Exploring public awareness and perceptions of palliative care: A qualitative study. Palliative Medicine, 28(3), 273-280. doi: Doi 10.1177/0269216313502372
McPherson, C. J., Hadjistavropoulos, T., Lobchuk, M. M., & Kilgour, K. N. (2013). Cancer-related pain in older adults receiving palliative care: Patient and family caregiver perspectives on the experience of pain. Pain Research & Management, 18(6), 293-300.
Mead, G. E., Cowey, E., & Murray, S. A. (2013). Life after stroke - is palliative care relevant?: A better understanding of illness trajectories after stroke may help clinicians identify patients for a palliative approach to care. International Journal of Stroke, 8(6), 447-448. doi: Doi 10.1111/Ijs.12061
Meier, D. E., & Beresford, L. (2008). Palliative care's challenge: Facilitating transitions of care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(3), 416-421. doi: DOI 10.1089/jpm.2008.9956
Melrose, S. (2004). Reducing relocation stress syndrome in long-term care facilities. J Pract Nurs, 54(4), 15-17.
Millar, C., Reid, J., & Porter, S. (2013). Healthcare Professionals' Response to Cachexia in Advanced Cancer: A Qualitative Study. Oncology Nursing Forum, 40(6), E393-E402. doi: Doi 10.1188/13.Onf.E393-E402
Miller, D. K., & Chibnall, J. T. (2003). Strategies for recruiting patients into randomized trials of palliative care. Palliative Medicine, 17(6), 556-557. doi: Doi 10.1191/0269216303pm765xx
Miller, S. C., Gozalo, P., & Mor, V. (2001). Hospice enrollment and hospitalization of dying nursing home patients. American Journal of Medicine, 111(1), 38-44. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00747-1
Miller, S. C., & Han, B. (2008). End-of-life care in US nursing homes: Nursing homes with special programs and trained staff for hospice or palliative/end-of-life care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(6), 866-877. doi: DOI 10.1089/jpm.2007.0278
Miller, S. C., Teno, J. M., & Mor, V. (2004). Hospice and palliative care in nursing homes. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 20(4), 717-+. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.cger.2004.07.005
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Palangkaraya, A., & Yong, J. (2009). Population ageing and its implications on aggregate health care demand: empirical evidence from 22 OECD countries. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics, March 20.
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Sutradhar, R., Seow, H., Earle, C., Dudgeon, D., Atzema, C., Husain, A., . . . Barbera, L. (2013). Modeling the Longitudinal Transitions of Performance Status in Cancer Outpatients: Time to Discuss Palliative Care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 45(4), 726-734. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.03.014
Tarzian, A. J., & Hoffmann, D. E. (2005). Barriers to managing pain in the nursing home: findings from a statewide survey. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 6(3 Suppl), S13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.03.016
Teno, J. M., Clarridge, B. R., Casey, V., Welch, L. C., Wetle, T., Shield, R., & Mor, V. (2004). Family perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place of care. JAMA, 291(1), 88-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.1.88
Teno, J. M., & Connor, S. R. (2009). Referring a Patient and Family to High-Quality Palliative Care at the Close of Life "We Met a New Personality ... With This Level of Compassion and Empathy". Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(6), 651-659.
Toombs, B. D., & Jing, J. M. (2000). Current concepts in the evaluation of vascular disease: magnetic resonance and computed tomographic angiography. Tex Heart Inst J, 27(2), 170-192.
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三、網路資料
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全國法規資料庫(2016)。安寧緩和條例第三條。取自http://www.hospice.org.tw/2009/chinese/supply-3.php
全國法規資料庫(2016)。長期照顧服務法。取自http://law.moj.gov.tw/Law/LawSearchResult.aspx?p=A&t=A1A2E1F1&k1=%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E7%85%A7%E9%A1%A7%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E6%B3%95
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衛生福利部中央健康保險署(2016)。八類非癌症重症末期安寧療護服務病患納入健保給付。取自http://www.nhi.gov.tw/information/NewsDetail.aspx?menu=9&menu_id=544&No=808
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