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題名:形神不二,一氣呵成
書刊名:中正大學中文學術年刊
作者:羅正心 引用關係
作者(外文):Lo, Chen-hsin
出版日期:2008
卷期:11
頁次:頁111-135
主題關鍵詞:身心形神形氣神氣功Body-heartForm-spiritForm-chi-spiritChi-kung
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文企圖由「身、心」與「形、神」的字源學著手,在古代煉養文獻中,探究其在不同敘述脈絡下,被使用的個別意義與相同意義,從而建立起「形、氣、神」三者在煉養上的差異地位與合一關係,以進一步說明俗稱「形氣神合一」,且不說「身氣心合一」的文化邏輯。因而本文的主旨在瞭解:一,「形、氣、神」合一,或若干學者所言「身、氣、心」合一的原理:二何以道家文本中,常用「形、神」,而罕身「身、心」論述?三,何以流行的氣功修行,講「神」者少,講「形」者多? 筆者由文獻中發現,「形、氣、神」互爲母子開係,這使得三者合一成爲邏輯之必然;而「氣」居「形、神」間的地位,更給予「形氣神合一」之說以動力因素。至若多用「形、神」代替「身、心」討論身體的深刻意涵,在於論述一個更大的議題,即企圖超越肉體的身、心而指向形上、形下的領域探索,而這個領域亦屬於中國藝術、哲學共有的範疇。其意涵是,氣功不只是身體鍛練,更是一種與藝術、哲學之實踐同調的修練。我們從唐代至宋,「感神通靈」畫觀之衰與山水花竹禽魚畫之興,可以解釋由「氣」至「神」的修煉,屬於「形而上」的境界(道),理性上有難言之隱;而由「氣」至「形」的修煉,有如注意繪畫用筆的形式,成爲可以論說的形下之技。因而流行的氣功修行,講「神」者少,講「形」者多。
The author starts with the etimology of two sets of words, "body," (身) "heart" (心) and "form," (形) "spirit" (神), and to inquire from the classic documents on cultivation in various descriptive contexts about each set's specific and same meanings. The purpose is to establish the different status and unitary relationship of the three of "form, chi, spirit" (「形、氣、神」) and further to point out the cultural logic of so called the "unity of form, chi, spirit"(形氣神合一) instead of the "unity of body, chi, heart"(身氣心合一) This article intends to explain, firstly, the principle of the "unity of form, chi, spirit" or the "unity of body, chi, heart" by some scholars, secondly, why the Taoist texts frequently use "form, spirit" and rarely use "body, heart," thirdly, why the popular chi-kung practice talking more about "spirit", and less about "form". The author founds that the "form, chi, spirit" has a mother-son relationship reciprocally. This makes the unity of the three logisticly necessary. The chi is in the middle status of "form" and "spirit," which gives the dynamic element of the "unity of form, chi, spirit." As to the reason using more of "form" and "spirit" to substitute "body" and "heart" in the discussion of the body is for a profound discourse, that is, to go beyond the corporality of body and heart toward the exploration of the domain of physics and metaphysics, The latter domains are also belong to the common realm of Chinese art and philosophy. The implication is that chi-kung is not merely an exercise of the body, but also has a coherent tune associated with the practice of art and philosophy. The declined of the art viewpoint "meeting of god and spirit" (感神通靈) and the rise of the mountain-river-flower-banboo-fowl-fish painting from Tang to Sung Dynasty may explain that the practice from chi to spirit belongs to metaphysical realm (Tao 「道」). It is difficult to discuss with rationality. While the practice from chi to form is like foes sing on the form of drawing in painting, which is a skill of physics that may be described. This is why the talking of spirit is less than that of form in popular chi-kung practice.
期刊論文
1.賴錫三(20041200)。《莊子》精、氣、神的功夫和境界--身體的精神化與形上化之實現。漢學研究,22(2)=45,121-154。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳芳(19991000)。乾隆時期北京劇壇之形神美學管窺。輔仁國文學報,15,233-263。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.石守謙(19900300)。「幹惟畫肉不畫骨」別解:兼論「感神通靈」觀在中國畫史上的沒落。藝術學,4,165-192。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.宋雪梅(1999)。人物畫中形神論美學成因的審美文化觀照。大連大學學報,20(1),97-100。  延伸查詢new window
5.朱生堅(2002)。「氣韻」在中國古代美學中的發展。文學研究與評論,258,75-78。  延伸查詢new window
6.王可平(1991)。以形傳神與以形現形─中西方藝術.美學的區別之一。中國文化月刊,142,44-53。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.張淑英(2000)。漢代美學中形神觀念之研究,桃園。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.呂萬安(2006)。中醫與養生。臺北:威仕曼文化事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.曾錦坤(1999)。中醫與養生。台北:文津出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.(19830730)。黃帝內經。台北:遠流出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.謝赫(1966)。古畫品錄。  延伸查詢new window
5.徐復觀(197810)。中國人性論史‧先秦篇。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
6.劉長林(1992)。中國智慧與系統思維。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
7.黃崇民(1996)。認識傳統醫學的真貌。臺北:臺灣書店。  延伸查詢new window
8.丘處機(1985)。正統道藏。臺北:新文豐出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
9.張君房、蔣力生(1996)。雲笈七籤。北京:華夏出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.王弼、老子(1974)。老子王弼注。台北:河洛圖書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.郭慶藩(1974)。莊子集釋。臺北:河洛圖書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.張彥遠(1965)。歷代名畫記。臺北:藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
13.楊儒賓(19960000)。儒家身體觀。臺北:中央研究院中國文哲研究所籌備處。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.段玉裁、許慎(1970)。說文解字注。藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
15.Mauss, Marcel(1979)。The Notion of Body Techniques。Sociology and Psychology: Essays。London。  new window
其他
1.彭文勤(1977)。道藏輯要,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.(漢)劉安(1971)。淮南子,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.(南朝宋)劉義慶(1970)。世說新語,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.(魏)劉邵(1971)。人物志,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.湯淺泰雄、盧瑞容(1993)。「氣之身體觀」在東亞哲學與科學中的探討:及其與西洋的比較考察。中國古代思想中的氣論及身體觀。巨流圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.石田秀實、林宜芳(1993)。由身體生成過程的認識來看中國古代身體觀的特質。中國古代思想中的氣論及身體觀。臺北:巨流。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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