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題名:黃帝不能察其幼小--宋清之間小兒醫的自我認同與社會定位
書刊名:新史學
作者:張嘉鳳 引用關係
作者(外文):Chang, Chia-feng
出版日期:2013
卷期:24:1
頁次:頁1-58
主題關鍵詞:小兒醫學自我認同社會定位醫療文化PediatricsSelf-identitySocial positioningMedical culture
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:213
  • 點閱點閱:82
自宋至清,醫界普遍流行小兒難治與小兒醫學最難的論述,以及黃帝不能察其幼小之說。論者的目的,旨在凸顯兒科於所有醫學分科中的獨特性,及其無可取代的專業高度,為兒科的獨立成方尋求古典權威之支持,且塑造兒科與業者優越的自我認同及社會定位。透過多樣的書寫策略與反覆的宣說,醫者將小兒難治與小兒醫學最難的主因,歸咎於經典的缺乏,和小兒獨特而未發育完成的身體。據此,醫療小兒之難根本無可避免。在宋代以來醫者以儒醫自居,共同以仁心濟世做為最高理想,及自我與群體的認同的框架之上,小兒醫者獨樹一格地經營專屬的自我肯定與社會定位,一方面與小兒醫學確有難度有關,另一方面,也與他們過去長期隱身於大方脈或婦人方之下,處於醫界的邊緣地位的背景有關。宋朝以降,在缺乏具備公信力的檢驗與評鑑機制的醫療環境中,除了同業之外,小兒醫者還須與三姑六婆等女性醫療服務者、巫者、術士、宗教人士等同臺競技,小兒難治與小兒醫學最難的論述,恰好見證了當時開放的市場結構與激烈競爭的現象。
During the period from the Song to Qing dynasties, three popular medical discourses held that children were difficult to treat, pediatrics was the most difficult specialty in medicine, and even the medical sage Yellow Lord could not master pediatrics. These discourses served to highlight the higher status of pediatrics among the various medical specialties, seek firm support from classical medical authority, and shape pediatricians' self-identity and social positioning. By applying various kinds of writing strategies, medical experts attributed the reasons why their young clients presented especially thorny treatment problems to the lack of medical classics as well as the immature bodies of children. In so doing, they claimed that their specialty was the most difficult practice in the medical field, and that the difficulty of diagnosing and treating sick children was natural and inevitable. From the Song dynasty onwards, physicians professionally and collectively viewed themselves as ruyi (Confucian doctors) who benevolently devoted themselves to help patients. Under this cultural atmosphere, pediatricians not only deemed themselves to be ruyi but also used the three discourses to further construct their unique self-identification and social positioning. This was due to the fact that pediatrics was indeed difficult and had long been marginalized in the medical profession. Apart from their medical colleagues, pediatricians also competed with other healers, such as female healers, wu, shushi, and religious healers in the medical margins. In order to claim orthodox authority and attract clients, pediatricians repeatedly promoted the three discourses in medical texts. Therefore the three discourses reveal much about the open market structure and the fierce competition between various kinds of medical service providers.
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104.王慎軒(1931)。中醫新論彙編。蘇州:蘇州國醫書社。  延伸查詢new window
105.邱式伊(1917)。醫學新編。漢口:掃葉山房。  延伸查詢new window
106.陳景岐(1974)。幼科入門。臺北:正文書局。  延伸查詢new window
107.薛公忱(1999)。醫中儒道佛。北京:中醫古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
108.謝觀、余永燕、王致譜(2003)。中國醫學源流論。福建科學技術出版社。  延伸查詢new window
109.Cullen, Christopher(2000)。The Threatening Stranger: Kewu in Pre-modern Chinese Paediatrics。Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies。Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing Limited。  new window
110.丹波康賴(1995)。醫心方。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
111.陳延之、祝新年(1993)。小品方新輯。上海:上海中醫學院出版社。  延伸查詢new window
112.Zeitlin, Judith T.(2007)。The Literary Fashioning of Medical Authority: A Study of Sun Yikui’s Case Histories。Thinking with Cases: Specialist Knowledge in Chinese Cultural History。Honolulu:University of Hawai’i Press。  new window
113.陳延之、高文鑄(1995)。小品方。北京:中國中醫藥出版社。  延伸查詢new window
114.范行准(1953)。中國預防醫學思想史。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
115.巢元方、丁光迪(1991)。諸病源候論校注。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
116.Chao, Yüan-ling(2009)。Medicine and Society in Late Imperial China: A Study of Physicians in Suzhou, 1600-1850。New York:Peter Lang。  new window
117.王叔和、沈炎南(1991)。脈經校注。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
118.程杏軒(1983)。醫述。合肥:安徽科學技術出版社。  延伸查詢new window
119.萬全(1981)。幼科發揮。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
120.陳自明、余瀛鱉(1992)。婦人大全良方。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
121.董汲(1999)。小兒斑疹備急方論。北京:中醫古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
122.孫思邈(1995)。備急千金要方。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
123.徐春甫(1991)。古今醫統大全。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
124.衣若蘭(2002)。三姑六婆:明代婦女與社會的探索。稻鄉出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
125.林富士(2007)。中國中古時期的宗教與醫療。臺北:聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
126.張介賓(1991)。景岳全書。上海:上海科學技術出版社。  延伸查詢new window
127.龔居中(1993)。幼科百效全書。北京:中醫古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
128.曾世榮(1985)。活幼心書。北京:中國書店。  延伸查詢new window
129.鄭惠卿、萬芳、陳紹紅(2003)。編集諸家嬰兒病證幼幼方論。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
130.劉昉(1987)。幼幼新書。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
131.劉守真(1998)。黃帝素問宣明論方。北京:人民衛生出版社。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.李建民(2010)。古典醫學的知識形式。中國史新論--科技與中國社會分冊。臺北:聯經出版事業公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.脫脫(1977)。李處耘附李繼和傳。宋史。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.Leung, Angela Ki Che(1999)。Women Practicing Medicine in Pre-modern China。Chinese Women in the Imperial Past: New Perspectives。Leiden。  new window
4.邱仲麟(20080000)。醫生與病人--明代的醫病關係與醫療風習。從醫療看中國史。臺北:聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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