After coming up with the theory of ”Obtaining knowledge by investigating things” in his thirties, Wang Yang-ming gradually developed other propositional concepts, while his theory of ”obtaining knowledge by investigating things” was a new interpretation of the same concept from ”Great Learning”. Based on this new interpretation, Wang brought up the concept of ”mind knowing things” and ”four maxims” late in his life, which included the advocacy of ”the unity of knowledge and practice,” the interpretation of ”fathoming principles” in terms of ”obtaining knowledge by investigating things, proposed ”good conscience” to deepen the theory of ”obtaining knowledge by investigating things,” suggested ”eliminating human desire and eliminate justice of nature” to fulfill the theories of ”obtaining knowledge by investigating things” and ”good conscience,” brought up ”the constant practice of righteousness” to realize the theme of ”the unity of knowledge and practice,” proposed ”mind as principle” to advocate practice. All these belong to the ideal system of ontological practice, namely, proposing the concept of the ontological practice and demanding its fulfillment.Besides, ontological practice assumes the existence of ontology, which implicates metaphysical discussion of philosophy, in terms of which, Wang Yang-ming advocated the concept of ”good conscience” more than anything else, while good conscience is ontology, ontology of mind, Tao and Nature. All the feature s of good conscience were proposed based theoretically on the ontological practice of good conscience. Moreover, Wang also advocated the theme of ”all things as one,” based on the practice of good conscience, which however was proposed by Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao.Based mainly on the texts of ”Chuan Xi Lu”, here we will discuss only Wang's theories of ”the unity of knowledge and mind,” ”mind as principle” and ”good conscience” as derivatives of ”obtaining knowledge by investigating things.”