本研究主要目的在探討弱勢家庭父母親的親職效能、社會支持與親職壓力之相關研究，採問卷調查法，以永齡希望小學某分校共31 所合作國小學童的父母親為對象，共發出405 份問卷，得有效問卷326 份，並以「親職效能量表」、「社會支持量表」以及「親職壓力量表」為研究工具，所得資料經描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關以及階層迴歸等統計方式進行分析，研究發現永齡希望小學父母親知覺的親職效能與社會支持均為中等程度；在親職壓力則介於「很少困擾」和「有時困擾」之間，整體屬於偏低程度。以皮爾森積差相關分析結果發現，永齡希望小學父母親知覺部分的親職效能分向度和親職壓力呈現顯著負相關，在父母親的社會支持和親職壓力各向度均呈現顯著負相關。最後，從階層迴歸統計分析發現，父母親的管教效能、學業成就效能以及社會支持中的工具支持，對整體親職壓力具有顯著的負向預測力，研究結果發現，所有變項對於父母親的親職壓力具有26％的解釋量。最後依研究結果提出建議供家長、教育實務工作者參考，並提供未來可進行的研究方向。

The purpose of this study was to explore parental self-efficacy, social support, and parenting stress of the disadvantaged families. The questionnaire research method was used in this study. Participants were parents of children from 31 elementary schools attending Yonglin Hope School in New Taipei City. Totally, 405 parent questionnaires were sent and 326 questionnaires were valid. This study adopted Parental Self-efficacy scale, Social Support scale, and Parenting Stress scale as research tools. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software package, by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results indicated that the degrees of parental self-efficacy and social support for parents of Yonglin Hope School tended to show average level. For the results of parenting stress, parents perceived low level of parenting stress. According to the results of Pearson correlations, the subscales of parental self-efficacy and parenting stress had partially significantly negative relations. Social support of the parents had significantly negative relation with parenting stress. Finally, the results of hierarchical multiple regression indicated that parental discipline efficacy, parental academic achievement efficacy, and instrumental support had significantly negative predication to parenting stress. All factors explained 26% variance of parenting stress. Finally, according to the findings of this study, the suggestions were provided for parents, educational institutions, and future studies.