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題名:「期望地位」對同儕互動的影響分析
書刊名:科學教育學刊
作者:楊文金
作者(外文):Yang, Wen-gin
出版日期:1999
卷期:7:3
頁次:頁217-232
主題關鍵詞:異例期望地位班級討論同儕互動社會脈絡AnomalyExpectation stateClass discussionPeer interactionSocial context
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(4) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:392
  • 點閱點閱:255
     本文結合庶人倫理與期望地位理論,提供同儕互動一個理論詮釋。以「學望」 (perceived ability)定義同儕間的期望地位,區分「直接」與「間接」的互動,並據以形成三 個假說以重新詮釋先前的發現。這三個假說分別為:(1)在「直接」互動時,不同學望同學 提出相同的發言內容,其接受的程度將有差異;(2)在「直接互動」時,學生對發言同學的 學望期望將影響對該同學的支持度;以及(3)在「間接」互動的情境中,學望仍具影響力。 先前的研究以四所高中五個二年級班級180名學生與四個國中三年級班級為研究對象,以 「班級結構問卷」測量學生相對學望,以「異例」等題材,進行班級討論。 研究結果指出:結合庶人倫理與期望地位的理論,可以合理地解釋在「直接」互動情況中 ,同儕間的社會影響;在「間接」互動時,雖然上述的理論詮釋仍具解釋力,但必須考慮 其他社會因素的效應。 根據研究的結果,對於班級討論或小組活動中學生的學習機會加以討論,並指出科學教學 的意涵與進一步研究的建議。
     Based upon "Lay Ethics" (LE) and "Expectation States Theory" (EST), this study proposed a theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon of social influences among peer interactions observed in previous study. Direct and indirect interaction were distinguished, and according to LE and EST, three hypotheses were generated. In the case of direct interaction, the acceptability of a given assertion depends upon the expected status of the individual offering the assertion; and the differences of the acceptability of a given pupil's statement depends upon the differences in the pupil's expected statuses held by his/her classmates. The expected status still plays an essential role in case of indirect interaction as well. Five classes, 180 senior high school students and 156 junior high school pupils, were sampled from northern Taiwan. The expected status of pupils was measured by the "Classroom Structure Inventory", and tasks, such as "anomalous phenomenon", classroom discussion and paper-and-pencil test items. Four experiments were designed to test the above three hypotheses respectively. The following is a summary of some the most important findings. (1) A given assertion stated by higher status pupils was significantly more acceptable than when stated by students with lower status, (2) A given pupil's statement was more acceptable when other pupils thought he/she to be of high status. (3) Similar results were found for indirect indirect interaction. The issue of learning opportunity and equity in full class discussions and small group teaching, and implications of such findings for science education were discussed in light of this empirical exploration.
期刊論文
1.Chinn, C. A.、Brewer, W. F.(1998)。An empirical test of a taxonomy of responses to anomalous data in science。Journal of Research in Science Teaching,35(6),623-654。  new window
2.Chinn, C. A.、Brewer, W. F.(1993)。The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction。Review of Educational Research,63(1),1-49。  new window
3.楊文金(19980200)。從「社會認同」探討「科學家意象」的意義。科學教育,207,18-24。  延伸查詢new window
4.楊文金(19980100)。從「社會認同」探討「科學家意象」的意義。科學教育,206,3-10。  延伸查詢new window
5.楊文金(19980900)。同儕互動的社會本質。屏師科學教育,8,2-11。  延伸查詢new window
6.Bianchini, J.(1997)。Where knowl, edge construction, equity, and context intersect: Student learning of science in small groups。Journal of Research in Science Teaching,34(10),1039-1065。  new window
7.Hwang, K. K.(1997)。Guanxi and Mientze: Conflict resolution in Chinese society。Intercultural Communication Studies,7,17-42。  new window
8.Hardwig, J.(1985)。Epistemic dependence。The Journal of Philosophy,82(7),335-349。  new window
9.Pontecorvo, C.(1993)。Forms of discourse and shared thinking。Cognition and Instruction,11(3/4),189-196。  new window
10.Greeno, J. G.(1997)。On claims that answer the wrong questions。Educational Researcher,26(1),5-17。  new window
11.邱穗中、葉連祺(19950900)。雙向度社會計量地位分類方法之比較--以國小學生為例。教育與心理研究,18,19-50。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.李美枝(19930600)。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。本土心理學研究,1,267-300。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.楊文金、楊莉川(19980400)。從社會認同理論探討高中生傾向科學的態度與科學本質的理解。物理教育,2(1),45-62。  延伸查詢new window
14.楊文金(19980400)。「同儕科學家意像」對訊息合理性判斷的影響分析。師大學報.科學教育類,43(1),1-17。  延伸查詢new window
15.傅麗玉(19990300)。從世界觀探討臺灣原住民中小學科學教育。科學教育學刊,7(1),71-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.楊文金(1999)。「學生像科學家」的類比分析。1999科學史哲與科學教育學術研討暨研習會。國立高雄師範大學。65-80。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃忠雄、楊文金(1997)。國中生「同儕科學家意像」對科學概念合理性判斷的影響。中華民國第十三屆科學教育學術研討會,635-638。  延伸查詢new window
3.蔣佳玲、郭重吉(1997)。同儕間科學問題討論中的合作與權力關係。中華民國第十三屆科學教育學術研討會。台北:國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.曾守恆(1997)。「同儕科學家意像」對科學知識重建過程的影響分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.羅文杰(1998)。兩種「班級結構」分類法在國小「同儕科學家意象」的維度上之比較分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.洪振方(1994)。從孔恩異例的認知與論證探討科學知識的重建(博士論文)。國立師範大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.國立編譯館(1992)。高級中學物理。台北:國立編譯館。  延伸查詢new window
2.Augoustinos, M.、Walter, I.(1995)。Social cognition: An integrated introduction。London:SAGE。  new window
3.Duschl, R. A.(1990)。Restructuring science education: The importance of theories and their development。New York:Teachers College Press。  new window
4.黃光國(19980000)。知識與行動:中華文化傳統的社會心理詮釋。臺北:心理。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Kuhn, Thomas Samuel(1970)。The Structure of Scientific Revolutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.吳武典(1987)。社會計量法。社會及行為科學研究法。台北:東華。  延伸查詢new window
2.Berger, J.、Wagner, D. G.、Zeldtch, M. Jr.(1985)。Expectation States Theory: Review and Assessment。Status, Rewards, and Influence: How Expectations Organize Behavior。San Francisco:Jossey-Bass。  new window
3.Cohen, E. G.(1997)。Equity in heterogeneous classroom: A challenge for teachers and sociologists。Working for equity in hetero-geneous classrooms: Sociological theory in practice。NY:Teachers College Press。  new window
4.Cohen, E. G.、Lotan, R.、Catan-zarite, L.(1993)。Can Expectations for competence be altered in the classroom?。Status Generalization: New Theory and Research。CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
5.Cobern, W.(1993)。Contextual constructivism: The impact of culture on the learning and teaching of science。The Practice of Constructivism in Science Education。NW:AAAS press。  new window
6.Leal-Idrogo, A.(1997)。The effect of gender on interaction, friendship, and leadership in elementary school classrooms。Working for equity in heterogeneous classrooms: Sociological theory in practice。NY:Teachers College Press。  new window
7.Flavell, J. H.(1987)。Speculations about the nature and development of metacognition。Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding。Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
 
 
 
 
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