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題名:中年女性生涯轉變與學習歷程之敘事探究:生命重要事件的影響
作者:游明珠
作者(外文):Yu, Ming-Chu
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:成人教育研究所
指導教授:王政彥博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:中年女性生涯發展生涯轉變生命重要事件Middle-aged femalesCareer developmentCareer changeImportant life incident
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摘要
隨著時代和社會環境的改變,適合女性生活的角色型態亦隨之變化,女性以自身覺得有意義的方式與社會結構進行互動,並藉其特殊生命經驗來形塑自己的社會位置;另外,成人在生涯中期階段,除了開始評估生涯早期的路徑是否有修正之必要,同時也開始檢核現階段生活內容是否達到身心平衡或審視目前職涯有無垂直及平行流動的機會。因此,本研究聚焦於探索中年女性生涯發展面向與經驗生命重要事件後的心理衝擊、內在掙扎與行動轉換歷程,探討生命重要事件對中年女性建構未來生涯藍圖之影響及了解中年女性生涯轉變中之學習歷程,以助其完成人生階段性任務。
本研究採用的是敘事研究法,係以個人完整生命故事所呈現的「整體-內容」模式為焦點,著重在受訪者生命故事整全脈絡的呈現。共訪談三位中年女性,先就其等生命故事進行交叉詮釋,再分就研究目的與待答問題提出綜合分析與討論。本研究歸納分析後,整理四點結論如下:
一、 早年經歷與中年女性生涯發展密切相關:包括原生家庭的教養內容、 出生排序的特質養成及社會與家庭期待的因素,均是影響其生涯發展與選擇的關鍵原因,也與中年女性其未來生涯轉變的路徑密切相關。
二、 生命重要事件常是生涯轉變的重要因素:生命重要事件往往為個人帶來生活上的衝擊,也會影響個人的生涯內涵,引致個人產生生涯轉變的動力,對中年女性建構未來生涯藍圖亦有著關鍵性的影響。
三、 關懷網絡為中年女性心理調適支持來源:中年女性生涯行動的轉換歷程是一項循序漸進的過程,心理調適是個人遭遇生命重要事件後的內在重整活動,關懷網絡則是重要的精神支持來源。
四、 學習參與是女性調適與增能的主要途徑:成人的探索與成長活動、專業技能與知能培訓的課程及志工服務學習最能呼應中年女性當前階段生活課題的需求。透過生涯轉變過程的學習進路,能協助中年女性重新以正面的認知與態度來面對生涯的困境,並能堅定自我價值的信念,自我增能並厚實生命內涵,以完成人生階段性發展任務。
最後,在了解中年女性生涯發展形貌及生涯轉變中之學習歷程後,本研究分就中年女性個人、成人教育機構與未來研究方向等三大面向提出建議。
Abstract
With changing of the times and the social environment, the role models suitable for females also changed. Females interact with social structure in a way that they think meaningful and promote their own social position with their own special life experiences. In addition, in mid-career stage, adults not only begin to evaluate whether it is necessary to correct path of their early career, but also begin to check whether the content of present life achieves physical and mental balance and examine if there is a chance of vertical and parallel mobility for present career. Therefore, this research focuses on exploring dimensions of career development for middle-aged females and psychological impact, inner struggle and progress of action transition after experiencing important life incident. It also explores influences on constructing career blueprint in the future for middle-aged females from important life incident, understands learning progress of middle-aged females in career change to help them to accomplish interim mission of life.
This research adopted narrative research method. The focuses are complete personal life stories presented through “integer-content” and it emphasizes on presentation of whole sequence of ideas about interviewees’ life story. Three middle-aged females have been interviewed. First, it carries out cross interpretation of their life stories and then brings up integrated analysis and discussion in accordance with purposes of the research and to be answered questions. After summarizing and analyzing, this research concluded with four conclusions as follows:
I. There is close relationship between early experiences and career development of middle-aged females which includes factors on upbringing content from original family, development of special characters from order of birth and expectation from society and family. These are key factors that influence their career development and choices and they are also relevant to path in future career change of middle-aged females.
II. Important life incident is often an important factor for career change. Important life incident frequently brings impact on personal life and effects personal career cultivation which will result in personal motivation for career change. It also has critical influence for middle-aged females on constructing their future career blueprint.
III. Caring web is a psychological adaptation support source for middle-aged females. The transition process of middle-aged females in career motivation is a gradual process. Psychological adaptation is an internal restructuring after a person experienced an important life incident and caring web is an important spiritual support source.
IV. Learning engagement is a main way for females in adjustment and empowerment. Exploration and growth activities, courses of professional skills and competency training and volunteer service learning can mostly respond to present demand on life issues of middle-aged females. Through learning approaches on process of career change, it can help middle-aged females to face their difficult position in career again with positive cognitive and attitude, to steady their faith on self-value, to empower by themselves and strong their life cultivation so as to accomplish development task in their life stage.
Finally, after understanding the feature of career development for middle-aged females and learning process of career change, this research brings up suggestions in three dimensions, individual of middle-aged females, institutions of adult education and researches in the future.
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