In his essay 'On the Public Park' 述外灘公園 (1928), Zheng Yimei 鄭逸梅described a park scene in Shanghai 上海: "There are, in the park, Western visitors, Japanese in their wooden clogs, and Indians in their turbans. But the majority are Chinese, and they tend to sit as couples deep in the shade of trees, whispering lovers' prattle, and immersing themselves in nature. No words can properly describe the scene." On the other hand, in Mao Dun's 茅盾 1932 essay 'Parks in Autumn' 秋的公園, Shanghai's parks were depicted as "the venerable battleground of urban whirlwind love," and he claimed that "any attempts to discover the meaning of Shanghai's parks beyond their reputation as 'classrooms of love' would inevitably end in failure." Therefore, during this period modern Western parks were transformed into "classrooms of love," embodying a new kind of emotional space. This new spatial trend grew because, on the one hand, parks mushroomed in the urban space of the Republican era; and, on the other hand, because free love, encouraged by the type of emotional values promoted by the May Fourth Movement, required intimate space. There were other forms of space that could have served a similar function as parks, such as movie theaters, 'The Great World' 大世界amusement arcade and entertainment complex, and cafés. But these places were indoors, deemed somewhat shady and not as 'moral' as the parks. At the same time, the leafy and flowery environment of the parks added another layer of physical and mental benefit, which was viewed as one of the positive trappings of modernity and progress. As I-Zen Huang 黃以仁 advocated in his 1912 piece, 'Researching the Parks' 公園考: "Cities are the emblems of a nation. And the emblems of a city are its parks. Given this symbolic status, great cities such as London, Berlin, Paris, Vienna, New York, Tokyo, and many others all have parks." Because of the prevalent belief in the progressive implications of modern life and free love expressed via couples' "falling in love in the parks," the heroine of Eileen Chang's 張愛玲 The Golden Cangue 金鎖記 is convinced that the silent walk she took with her date Chang-An 長安 was meant to be "the new kind of romanticizing between a man and a woman." By referencing the development of Western parks in Shanghai as represented in the Chinese modernist novels written by Jiang Guangci 蔣光慈, Zeng Jinke 曾今可and Eileen Chang between the 1920s and 1940s, this article examines the mutual relationship between the rise of parks as the new urban space for modern love and the emotional expressions found in the literature of the period