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題名:焦點解決短期諮商歷程中諮商師後設思維之研究
作者:林祺堂
作者(外文):Chi-Tang Lin
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:蕭文
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:焦點解決短期諮商諮商師後設思維Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)counselorsmeta thinking
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中文摘要
本研究旨在了解諮商師在焦點解決短期諮商(SFBT)歷程中的後設思維內涵。研究針對二位以SFBT模式進行諮商的諮商師,分別與一位及二位主動求助之當事人進行完整諮商,進行一至四次;並於諮商前以及逐次諮商後,進行低結構之深度訪談,共蒐集到二份諮商前,八份諮商後訪談文本資料,以詮釋現象學之主題分析法進行資料之分析。
研究結果主要發現如下:SFBT諮商師於諮商實務中的後設思維,具體反映SFBT的認識論內涵,聚斂在「去中心又具影響力」的彰顯,且貫穿在彼此環環相扣的概念化、歷程化以及個人化三大主軸上。
一、SFBT諮商師的後設概念化,立基於「當事人為主體而諮商師去中心」的思考,以孵化目標、引發能量、促進改變行動力達到成就當事人為其專家的有效影響。包含:1.在內涵上:呈現正向解讀理解的內容與人性觀;2.在方法上:站在「將人視為解決問題主體之詢問與理解」的立場,延伸創造「問題的解構」與「探索非問題方向」,並回應出「引導當事人闡述及創造自明」、「讓當事人擁有詮釋權」,以及「積極相信立場但不預設內容」等方向;3.在目標上:透過「內控感能量的產生」、「正向思維視框的內化」以及「動能性主體的確立」來協助當事人成為其專家。也藉此「開展當事人生命經驗自助系統知識的建構」。
二、SFBT諮商師的後設歷程化,其內涵在落實概念化目標內涵的有效實踐,合作引導創造改變之發生。包含:1.帶著尊重和相信的邀請,以及以引導式探索的引導態度;2.「賦能」與「創造正向知覺經驗」兼具的引導意圖;3.「有彈性的直接引導」與「貼近後轉」的多元引導策略;4.符合「貼近、希望、能量與修行」四大元素的引導架構。
三、SFBT諮商師的後設個人化,其內涵回應SFBT概念內涵的吸收內化,展現在諮商師這個人的角色認同、態度、諮商風格以及諮商關係上。包含:1.陪伴者、整理者、找力量的賦能者以及積極思維影響者之角色認同;2.帶著信任、尊重與謙卑的「未知」態度;3.「去中心又具影響力」,走向平易近人的諮商風格;4.互為主體和成人之美的合作諮商關係
本研究依據研究結果提出具體建議,供有興趣之研究者與實務工作者參考。
關鍵詞:焦點解決短期諮商、諮商師、後設思維
The Study of Counselors’ Meta Thinking in the Process of
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of the counselors’ meta thinking in the process of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). Three voluntary clients received 1 to 4 sessions of counseling with two SFBT counselors. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with each counselor before and after the counseling session within 24 hours, ten transcripts were obtained, and thematic analysis of hermeneutic phenomenology was used to analyze the data.
The main findings were as fellow: the SFBT counselors’ meta thinking reflected the epistemology of SFBT, and ‘de-center and influential’ character, in the three related dimensions of conceptualization, process, and personalization.
1.SFBT counselors’ meta conceptualizations: is based on ‘client is the subject and counselor is de-center’, facilitating goal, energy and change power to make clients becoming their experts. The meta conceptualizations include (1) contents: positive reasoning and human nature belief; (2) methods: exploring and reasoning in the standpoint of ‘people are the subject of problem solving’, and ‘deconstructing of problem’, ‘exploring un-problem’, and ‘guiding clients elaborating and understanding themselves’, ‘let clients have power to interpret themselves’, ‘standpoint of positive believing but not knowing’; (3) goals: making clients become their experts by facilitating ‘the energy of internal locus of control’, ‘positive thinking frame’, and ‘energetic subjectivity’, and constructing clients’ knowledge of self-helping system.
2.SFBT counselors’ meta process: is practicing the goals of conceptualization and making change with cooperation. The meta processes include (1) inviting with respect, trust, and guiding attitude; (2) guiding intentions of ‘empowering’ and ‘creating positive perception experience’; (3) guiding strategies of ‘directing with flexible’ and ‘pacing and changing’; (4) guiding frameworks of ‘pacing, hope, energy and practice’.
3.SFBT counselors’ meta personalizations: is the absorption of SFBT concepts reflecting in the counselors’ role identity, attitude, counseling style, and counseling relationship. The meta personalizations include (1) role identity of accompanying, collation, empowering and positive thing facilitator; (2) ‘not knowing’ attitude of believing, respecting and humble; (3) counseling style of ‘de-center and influential’; (4) counseling relationship of cooperating with inter-subjectivity.
Based on these results, discussions and recommendations were proposed for the future research and implications.
Keywords: Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), counselors, meta thinking
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