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題名:衝突與建構---親子衝突的互動與意義建構歷程
作者:游淑華 引用關係
作者(外文):Shu-Hua Yu
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:趙淑珠
陳金燕
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:親子衝突家庭系統社會建構敍說分析parent-adolescent conflictfamily systemsocial constructionnarrative analysis
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在以敘說分析研究法,針對陷入長期性親子衝突困擾的青少年家庭,理解其:1.衝突過程中所建構的互動脈絡;2.衝突過程中所建構的意義內涵;3.衝突建構的情境因素。本研究包涵二個青少年家庭(甲家和乙家),研究者先以甲家為對象,進行所有家庭成員的個別訪談,之後,再對乙家進行相同步驟的訪談。訪談前,並與受訪家庭持續互動半年以上。
經過繁複的資料分析、比對後,本研究提出「親子衝突的雙循環現象」以說明親子衝突的建構歷程。整體而言,親子衝突過程包含二種循環歷程,分別為「互動循環」及「理解循環」,「互動循環」在前,「理解循環」在後,但兩者一旦交相影響,誰先誰後就不再是重要的關鍵所在。
研究顯示,親子衝突的發生與家庭的角色型塑、調節能力有關,而衝突由偶然性事件擊發後,常會揭開家庭裡的潛藏議題,並彰顯出其充滿問題的「問題假設」。此外,家庭常會因受制於僵化的互動序列與遲滯的訊息輸入,而使得爆發的衝突成為生活的重要部份,揮之不去。不過,家庭為了生存,終究會啟動「解構—重構」的歷程,在其間,互動系列的重組、訊息成分的改變、家庭系統的開放、家庭價值的堅持等交相作用,激活了家庭能量,讓衝突得以緩解。要特別一提的是,衝突緩解之後,家庭仍有可能再次遭受偶然性事件的威脅而爆發衝突,因而重新啟動「互動循環」。
再者,「互動循環」會帶動「理解循環」。本研究發現,親子關係是兩個主體世界的共構過程,他們透過不斷的遭逢、衝突,提昇對關係的理解層次。當家庭再次遭遇衝突時,並非「掉回」原有衝突狀態,而是懷抱新的理解,再度迎向衝突,並促發互動系列的重構。由此可知,「互動循環」與「理解循環」具有相互循環特質,家庭系統藉此得以朝向第二序改變。
本研究還發現,在「理解循環」中,家庭各次系統會賦予衝突不同的意義,對父母次系統而言,衝突的意義展現在家庭意義的重構、親職合作方式的調適、重新接納女子的現實面貌及面對成婚初期的抉擇後果。對親子次系統而言,衝突則具有連結關係的重構、權力階層的轉化及尋找訊息傳遞方式的意涵。對子女次系統而言,感受自己對關係的影響力、建立家外世界及強化手足聯盟是其中最顯著的意義。最後,就整體系統而言,衝突的意義則在於體現各種不同的相對化觀點、凝聚共有意義及開發其重構意義的可能性。
最後,本研究顯示,無論「互動循環」及「理解循環」如何演變,衝突的建構歷程都涉及家庭在空間、時間及社會等三個層面上的存活態樣。更重要的是,本研究所提出的雙循環現象,還指出一種不可逆的演變趨勢,意即,由親子衝突所促發的演變,將無法重回舊有局面,演變之後的互動與意義,總會跟往昔不同,而且,家庭在經歷不斷解構、重構之後,會變的更複雜、更多元,也更能面對詭譎多變的風險社會。
Based on the narrative analysis, this study has addressed three main points, which are 1) the interaction context, 2) the construction of meaning, and 3) the contextual meaning constructed by conflict, for prolonged conflict in parent-adolescent family. There are two parent-adolescent families recruited in this study. After interacting with the both families and then getting familiar with for over half year, the researcher focused on one family first, and interviewed with all family members individually, then proceeded the same way to the other family.
After data analysis, the researcher has sketched out the phenomenon of “dual-circularity” for explaining the construction of parent-adolescent conflict. As for the dual-circularity in parent-adolescent conflict, it contains interactive circularity which arises in the front and comprehensive circularity which occurs in the latter. However, it doesn’t matter which circularity is in the front or latter since the interaction between both would occur no matter how.
This study has shown that parent-adolescent conflict is relative to character shaping and flexibility of family members; meanwhile, the conflict would usually reveal the invisible family issues, which might be concluded to the doubtful result, and the conflict sequentially becomes the important part of family life since this family is constrained by those rigid interactive sequence and sluggish information input. However, for the natively survival needs, the family would get started the process of “deconstruction-reconstruction”, which includes interactive sequence realignment, information changing, access to family system, and insistence on family values, and those would affect each other then activate the power to reduce the conflict, but even then, the family conflict is still possibly triggered by another event, and then reactivate interactive circularity.
Moreover, the interactive circularity would activate the comprehensive circularity. this study has argued the parent-adolescent relationship is make of co-construction from the two parties, both of which would get higher knowledge of the relationship itself through interaction and conflict between parent and adolescent. As the family conflict re-occurs, it won’t just happen like the way it was, it would develop the different features with new comprehension within conflict process. Hence, the parent-adolescent conflict has the distinguishing characteristic of helical circularity, which would lead the family to attain the second-order changes.
In the process of comprehensive circularity, each subsystem in family has different way to enrich and construct the meaning of the conflict itself. As for the parent subsystem, the meaning of conflict is developed via reconstruction family values, accommodation with the parent-adolescent cooperation, acceptance their children really are and their decisions while early marriage. As for the parent-adolescent subsystem, the meaning of conflict is developed via reconstructing their connection, transforming the hierarchical structure, and how the information passing forward. As for the offspring subsystem, the meaning of conflict is significantly developed via aware of own power in relationship, build up their own world outside family, and strengthening the offspring alliance. After all, as for the overall family system, the meaning of conflict is developed via exploring all the different point of views on conflict, then putting all of them together to agglomerate the agreement and to discover the new meaning for family conflict.
Furthermore, this study has shown the construction on family conflict is connected to three elements: distance, occasion, and social around, no matter how the interactive and comprehensive circularity develop within. The more importance is that the dual-circularity is irreversible trend, which means the family conflict itself never recovers to the way it was but would develop to the different way. The family features here and now are always different from the moment there and then or even to the very beginning. Therefore, with recurrent deconstruction and reconstruction, the family might become more complicated, diversiform, and also accommodating in this changing environment.
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