The new and old literary war on middle of 1920 was the key element of Taiwan new literary development. After the war, it attracted a lot of writers to get into the composition of new literature. Hence, a lot of literary historian thought the new type got superiority during the literary war when they mentioned this history. The old type is getting failure gradually. I was with all my strength to search the first hand information of the literary war and read them very carefully one by one. I found it's necessary to re-discuss the original reason, process and result about the literary war. In fact, after the war, even though the new literature got very good development, but it never surpassed the old literature during the Japanese governmental period. This thesis not only provides several new opinions, but also provides a lot of new historical materials and make them into form to help readers to understand what happened during that period.