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題名:高中公民科合作學習教學實驗之研究
作者:簡妙娟
作者(外文):Chien,Miao-Chuan
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:張新仁
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:合作學習學生小組成就區分法拼圖法第二代概念圖評量實作評量cooperative learningSTADJigsaw IIconcept mapping assessmentperforance assessment
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本研究旨在探討「合作學習」對我國高中學生公民科學習之成效,以作為改進高中公民科教學之參考。
本研究以國立嘉義女中高二學生為實驗對象,以高中公民第三冊「法律」和「政治」單元為實驗教材,進行一學期之教學實驗。本研究採準實驗設計中的不等組前後測設計,以研究者所任教之三個第一類組班級,分派為實驗組一、實驗組二、以及控制組,分別實施「合作學習學生小組成就區分法(STAD)」、「合作學習拼圖法第二代、第四代(Jigsaw II, Jigsaw IV)」、以及「講述法」。三組學生皆接受前測、實驗處理、以及後測等實驗程序。為評量各組的公民科學習成效,本研究採多元評量方式,實施紙筆評量、實作評量、以及概念圖評量。於實驗前和實驗後,分別實施「公民科學習成就總結性測驗」、「公民科學習動機量表」、「民主法治態度量表」、「社交測量調查表」以及「合作技巧量表」等測驗;實驗期間進行「學習成就形成性評量」、實作評量-包括「法律個案分析報告」、「法律模擬測驗」以及「選舉專題研究報告」和「選舉心得口頭報告」等項,並於實驗結束就實驗組學生進行「合作學習意見調查」和訪談,以了解學生的實際學習狀況。
本研究獲致下列幾項主要發現:
一、不同教學法在公民科學習成就的成效差異
(一) 就法律單元而言
1. 在「紙筆評量」方面:在「形成性評量」和「總結性評量」上,「合 作學習STAD組」的成績均顯著優於其他兩組。
2.在「實作評量」方面:在「法律個案分析報告」上,合作學習STAD組的表現顯著優於其他兩組;在「法律模擬測驗」一項,STAD組仍顯著優於講述組。
3.在「概念圖評量」方面:在「法律概念圖」的評量上,合作學習Jigsaw II組顯著優於講述組。
(二) 就政治單元而言
1. 在「紙筆評量」方面:在「形成性評量」和「總結性評量」上,三組成績均無顯著差異。
2. 在「實作評量」方面:在「選舉專題研究報告」和「選舉心得口頭報告」兩項上,三組的成績亦均無顯著差異。
3. 在「概念圖評量」方面:在「政治概念圖」的評量上,合作學習STAD
組及Jigsaw IV組均顯著優於講述組。
二、不同教學法在公民科學習動機的成效差異
1. 就「公民科學習動機」而言,在「內在動機」和「總分」方面,講述組顯著優於其他兩組。在「自我效能」方面,不同教學法則無顯著差異。
2.訪談資料顯示,實驗組學生認為:實施一學期的合作學習,其教學流程固定,且小考和小組討論、報告壓力很大,心生厭煩。
三、不同教學法在民主法治態度的成效差異
1.就「法治態度」而言,不同教學方法並無顯著差異。
2.就「民主政治態度」而言上,在「總分」和「民主政治認知」上,合作學習Jigsaw 組顯著優於其他兩組;而在「民主政治情感」和「民主政治行動傾向」兩項上,不同教學方法則無顯著差異。
四、不同教學法在同儕社會關係的成效差異
1.就「同儕社會關係」而言,在「總分」上,合作學習STAD和合作學習Jigsaw 組顯著優於其他兩組;在「誰是好朋友」一項上,合作學習 Jigsaw 組則顯著優於其他兩組。然在「常和誰一起討論功課」和「願意與誰公民科同組」兩分項上,不同教學法則無顯著差異。
2.就意見調查和訪談資料來看,實驗組同學表示:合作學習與同學一起學習、討論,有益於同儕互動,尤其是 Jigsaw的專家小組討論,提供更多的互動機會。
五、不同教學法在合作技巧的成效差異
1.就「合作技巧」而言,在「工作技巧」、「社會技巧」和「總分」等項上,不同教學法並無顯著差異。
2.就意見調查和訪談資料來看,實驗組學生認為透過合作學習,不但提供了練習合作技巧的機會,也增進了同學的社會技巧和工作技巧。
基於上述研究發現,本研究提出下列幾點建議,以供高中公民科實施合作學習之參考:
一、在公民科教學實施方面
(一)採用多樣化的教學方法
(二)設計生動而適用的合作學習教學活動
(三) 配合班級教學設計不同的評鑑活動
(四)訓練學生有效的合作技巧
(五)培養學生討論和發表的能力
(六)教導學生因應合作學習失敗的後果
二、在公民科教學評量方面
(一) 教學評量之設計應配合教學目標
(二) 採用多元方式評量學生不同層次的學習成效
(三) 將教學評量應用到教室評量實務上
(四) 將概念圖作為學習和評量的工具
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