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題名:台灣地區心理諮商本土化經驗之初探研究
作者:陳祥美 引用關係
作者(外文):Hsiang-Mei Chen
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:蕭文
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:華人心理諮商本土化Chinese people counselingindigenous
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:75
本研究旨在探討:一、心理諮商人員的學習與訓練經驗;二、心理諮商人員專業發展中對於文化敏感及多元文化的經驗;三、心理諮商人員在文化脈絡下對華人諮商經驗的理解;四、華人心理諮商理論及技術的轉化與建構,以作為本土諮商員教育的相關訓練內涵。本研究邀請八位台灣地區資深心理諮商人員為受訪者,進行半結構的深度訪談,採用紮根理論的方法進行資料分析。針對台灣地區心理諮商本土化經驗的發現,主要包括四個內涵:
首先,心理諮商人員的學習與訓練受到興趣、人際際遇和環境進入諮商,「義張」以及進修博士更加確認專業發展與成熟。他們認為要精熟、正確並彈性地使用諮商理論與技術,且要增強歷史、專業倫理及道德、多元文化等訓練,以熟悉主要服務族群。其次,在文化敏感度與多元文化經驗方面,他們認為諮商策略、重點跟社會文化有關,故應有對社會文化脈絡有所關懷。人際界限(boundary)、自我表達等都有明顯的東、西文化差異,容易造成文化衝擊,而這些經驗可增加文化敏感度,貼近案主的社會文化脈絡可建立諮商關係,促進諮商進展。第三、對於華人案主特性的領悟與諮商策略的實踐,一般認為「關係」議題是華人心理問題的核心,華人容易因「關係」而受苦。華人案主也具有期待建議、推卸責任、退縮、共犯結構等特性。華人關係問題的解決可透過協商、外化、解構等策略達成。瞭解民俗治療經驗有助於貼近案主,不應排斥民俗治療,但須提醒其尋求正牌、有口碑的服務,民俗治療與心理諮商功效不同應有所區隔並相互尊重。最後,現階段可針對西方諮商做文化修正作為諮商本土化的做法之一,現今台灣地區的所建構的本土化諮商,主要可區分為個我理論與概念模式。個我理論的創發者在專業發展與成熟過程中,將文化資源與元素逐漸加入其專業發展中以建構出本土諮商模式。概念模式的創發傾向從文化批判與反思,探討社會文化的本質,找出本土特有的心理特質,發展出可能的策略及方法。「本土化」不能因為民族主義而放棄西方的諮商訓練,也要了解西方理論的適用性與限制。同時,應整理台灣本土的成功經驗,嘗試修正或建構理論,以作為諮商本土化的具體實踐。
研究最後提出在西方多元文化諮商脈絡下的省思,針對理論與文化優先的趨中性質、聚焦取向的多元文化諮商、外衍性與內發性本土化策略、個我理論與概念模式的發展進行討論,並針對本土化的學術研究反思提出相關具體的建議。
關鍵字:華人心理諮商、本土化
This study is undertaken with the following four purposes : A. The exploration about the learning and training experiences of the Taiwan’s counselors. B.The characteristics of cultural sensitivity and multi-cultural experiences in counselors’ professional development. C. Counselors’ personal understanding of their cultural context when conducting counseling with their own Chinese people. D. Relevant training contents for the education of counselors could be acquired by making use of Chinese people counseling theory and by means of technology transferring and constructuring endeavors. In order to achieve these ends, the author has invited eight senior counselors and conducted a semi-structural deep interviews, deta collection and analysis were offered by the approach of grounded theory. The findings of the study are divided into four contents :
First, the learning and training of counselors affected by personal interests, interpersonal encounters, and environmental demands. The counseling practice and doctoral program training provokes their professional identity and maturity. The counselors thinks they must skillfully, correctly and flexibly employ counseling theories and technologies;furthermore, they are required to enrich their history knowledge, and strengthen the such trainings as professional ethics, moral and multi-cultural understanding, in order to understand their main clients. Second, in the field of cultural sensitivity and multi-cultural experiences, the counselors believe the consulting strategies and principles are closely related with social culture; therefore, counselors are obliged to pay more attention to socio-cultural traces. There exists the interpersonal boundary and self-expression difference between the eastern and western culture, which could results cultural shocks. Having enriched cultural sensitivity and closed to clients, counselors could be more easily to establish and develop good relationship with the people they are counseling. Third, the knowing about Chinese clients’ characteristics and counseling strategies, which “relationship” is commonly regarded as the core of Chinese psychological problems, they are easily suffered from the “relationship” with the people they are dealing. The Chinese clients when receiving counseling have common phenomena of suggestion expectations, responsibility evading, retreating and accomplice psychological attitude. Their “relationship” problem can be solved through the strategies of negotiation, externalization, deconstruction. In addition, understanding the experiences of folk-psychotherapy is conducive to have a good relationship with people when receiving counseling. Folk-psychotherapy should not be rejected; however, the clients are suggested to seek the officially authorized and good reputed folk-psychotherapy experts when receiving counseling. Folk-psychotherapy are different from western counseling and their effects did not the same, they should be respect by each other. Finally, western counseling theory could be amended and integrated as one of the ways of indigenous counseling. The indigenous counseling nowadays in Taiwan can be divided into personal theory and conceptual model. The founder of personal theory combines cultural resources and elements into the creating of indigenous counseling model. The founder of conceptual model tends to from the angle of the critics and reflects of culture, exploring the essence of social culture, finding the indigenous psychological characteristics and developing the plausible counseling strategies and methods. Indigenous counseling can not be subject to nationalism and abandon western counseling experiences. On the contrary, on the one hand, we should understand the adaptability and limits of the western counseling theory; and on the other hand, we have to at the same time collect the successful indigenous experiences, amend them or try to theory constructing, and put into practice.
Finally, in this study, the author tries to put forth some relevant suggestions, which are resulted from the examinations of western multi-cultural counseling contexts, the focusing on the mediation of theoretical and cultural priority concerns, focused approach multi-cultural counseling, exogenous indigenous or endogenous indigenous strategies, and the discussion of personal theory and conceptual model.
Key words : Chinese people counseling, indigenous
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