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題名:台灣癌症喪親家庭關係之變化與探究
作者:蔡佩真 引用關係
作者(外文):Tsai Pei Jen
校院名稱:國立暨南國際大學
系所名稱:社會政策與社會工作學系
指導教授:楊瑩
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:喪親服務喪親家庭家庭關係死亡Family relationshipDeathCancer Bereaved Family
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:104
本研究的目的是探討癌症喪親家庭關係的改變情形以發展適切的關懷方案,研究的對象是九個癌症的喪親家庭,採用質性研究法,以紮根理論為分析策略,採用家庭訪視與深度訪談蒐集資料,本研究發現癌症喪親家庭關係模式的內涵如下:
一、家屬與逝者的關係
逝者會轉化為虛擬的存在,在喪親家庭中仍具有溝通位格、決策位格、空間位格、情感位格,藉此仍對喪親家庭產生影響。逝者對家人有不同的影響,其影響力有關的因素包括:(1)逝者生前的角色份量,(2)家屬與逝者連結程度,(3)時間因素。家屬與逝者的連結的方式包括:完成遺旨、典範依循、承接成果、變革突破、鬆綁解放。剛喪親那段時間是以「逝者為重心」,新的生活漸將重心轉移到以「生者為重心」。
二、喪親家屬之間的關係
本研究發現家庭關係的凝聚上可能是:緊密連結、修通舊僵局、疏離隔閡、衝突對立。喪親引發家庭認同危機包括:(1)家庭氣氛空洞化的危機,(2)對逝者典範依循的落差危機,(3)家庭結構鬆散分化的危機。家庭仍會有維繫家庭認同的元素。由於家庭關係的凝聚與信任的程度是會影響到家人悲傷情緒的表達,本研究稱之為「關係脈絡下的情緒表達模式」,可產生四種類型的家庭情緒處理模式:(1)自我壓抑型(2)集體壓抑型(3)各自抒解型(4)集體分享型。家屬會有「喪親情緒的情境轉換現象」,在不同的關係情境中改變情緒以及表達方式。另外家屬間有「悲傷情緒落差」的現象,成員的喪親情緒可能出現:反應落差、性別落差、復原落差。
三、喪親家屬與助人專業以及信仰的關係
家屬尋求宗教多於尋求社工專業,宗教解釋了逝者的去處,家屬重新安置逝者於信仰中,為虛擬的存在找到支撐點;宗教也為家屬與逝者提供連結的希望;宗教緩解死亡衝擊,提供心理支持;宗教社群也成為家庭重要的外在支持系統。
本研究統整了喪親家庭關係的面向,將喪親家庭分出四種類型,包括團結共渡型、悲憤衝突型、解脫更新型、淡漠解離型,這四類的家庭在情緒的屬性與處理方式、家庭認同、關係模式上各有特殊性,並且喪親服務方案的設計上也必然有個別的差異。針對研究發現,本研究建議社工介入喪親服務策略可分為宣導模式、支持模式、治療模式,而以生命教育的宣導模式為主、治療模式為輔。另外對於家庭評估提出評估清單,對個別喪親家庭的類型提供個別的協助建議,盼能找到社會工作在喪親家庭的使力點。
The purpose of this study is to discover appropriate means of condolence for those who have lost family members due to cancer. Based on extensive and intensive interviews with nine target families, the data collected reveals the following family relationship patterns:
1. The relationship between the family members and the deceased
The influence of the deceased still exists in the family, depending on their position, family ties, and time factors. There is a transition period in which the family members readjust their focus back to each other.
2. The relationship between family members
Problems with family-identity may occur due to different opinions as to maintaining family traditions and respect to the deceased, in particular if the latter is an older member of the family. To cope with family behavioral patterns, this study reveals four types of patterns: inner pressure, group pressure, self healing, and group healing.
3. The relationship between family members and their religious beliefs
The support of individual religious beliefs helps comfort the griever. It also provides a sense of hope that family members may meet again in the future. In addition, religious groups play an important role in supporting grieving families.
From the study’s findings I am developing professional therapy for social workers to provide for those who have lost their loved ones.
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