:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:喪子女佛教徒之哀傷意義重構歷程研究
作者:林秀玲
作者(外文):Hsung-Ling Lin
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商研究所
指導教授:戴嘉南
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2009
主題關鍵詞:喪子佛教徒哀傷調適意義重構因緣果報紮根理論Bereaved Buddhist-parentsgriefmeaning reconstructionthe Grounded Theory
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:177
中文摘要
本研究旨在探討喪子女佛教徒,在摯愛死亡衝擊下導致的意義結構改變歷程,採紮根研究法,分析五位喪子女佛教徒的訪談資料,研究發現:
喪子女佛教徒的哀傷意義重構歷程可分為五個階段:摯愛死亡前階段、意義斷裂階段、失落初步詮釋階段、意義解構與重構階段、及意義印證與深化階段,每一階段具有不同的特徵。當事人在失落事件發生時所持的意義結構是哀傷調適的關鍵要素,影響其對失落的詮釋及哀傷反應。首先,當事人會運用先前意義結構詮釋失落事件,而陷入兩難困境,並出現複雜性的哀傷反應。一方面,相信「世界具可控制本質」,卻無法解釋摯愛年輕早逝的非預期現象,出現錯亂、失序之認知失衡,並陷入創傷性痛苦的循環。另一方面,堅持以先前意義結構來詮釋失落事件,重創「外在條件化」建構的自我認同。
佛法對喪子母親的療癒是正面的,即使當事人因失去或害怕失去至親才接觸佛法,對教理瞭解有限,但透過正確認識世界與自我,因而產生觀點質變,繼而產生意義解構與意義重構的思維典範轉移過程。當事人在解構「世界可控制」之意義結構、與重構「因緣果報」意義結構之間,不斷交替循環的評估、修正與重構;一方面當事人對所持意義結構喪失信心,是「意義解構」的關鍵。因為環境未能提供解答,所採取的逃避的方式也無法獲得心靈寧靜,強烈的受困感將使其對先前意義結構徹底絕望而選擇放棄。另一方面,由於內化佛法觀點,重新認識世界與自我的本質、世界與自我關係等,逐漸形成「因緣果報」意義結構,以新的意義結構重新詮釋失落事件,當事人產生正向感受,更能坦然接受不幸命運,並以「肯定與接納」重構自我認同,逐漸減弱哀傷反應。此外,當事人對死亡的態度從原先的避諱與逃避碰觸,因關切摯愛的死後去處而產生切身感,開始關切自己死後的世界,並重設與力行,以落實新意義結構的人生目標,為自己的生命負責。轉化後的意義結構會持續運用於生活中,並須經得起後續危機事件的考驗,才能獲得印證而穩固、深化。
最後研究者針對上述研究結果加以討論,並對未來研究及諮商實務提出建議。
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the Buddhist’s experience of the death of her child or husband, specific to the process of mourning and meaning reconstruction. The Grounded theory analysis was used as the methodological basis for this study. Data were generated from in-depth interviews with five bereaved Buddhists whose child or husband had died 10 to 26 years prior to the study. The findings of this study were as follow:
(a) the process of adaption and meaning reconstruction was devided into five phases 5 stages: pre-loss, discontinuity, making sense of the loss, meaning deconstruction and reconstruction, and adjustment.
(b) The nature of the prior meaning structure emerged as the key variable, influenced how the bereaved make sense of the loss, grief response, and the coping. The ability to finding meaning after the death of a loved one was linked to the prior meaning structure which could account for the loved one’s death.
(c) The process of meaning deconstruction and reconstruction is a dynamic and Interactive coping process of oscillation. When the subjects found the limitation of the prior meaning structure which could not explain the suffering reason, they would question and gave up the prior one. At the same time, they would search for new meaning, and reconstruct the new meaning structure from the Buddhist doctrine.
(d) The change of the meaning structure was from the “controllable and predictable” worldview to the “Karma ” worldview.
Suggestions for practice and implication for future research were discussed based on the findings.
參 考 文 獻
壹、中文部份
丁乃竺(譯)(民93),達賴喇嘛(著):達賴生死書。台北:天下文化。
丁乃竺(譯)(民94),達賴喇嘛(著):大圓滿。台北:心靈工坊。
丁晨(民91):世界的斷裂與接應:一位極重度多重障礙者生命意義之探討。南華大學/生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
于凌波(民85):人間佛陀及其基本教理。台北:佛陀教育基金會。
于卓寰(民92):基督宗教與原始佛教的生死觀。立人學報,3,158-167。
王純娟(民95a):哀傷或不哀傷?--當西方的哀傷治療遇上臺灣的宗教信仰與民俗。生死學研究,3,93-131。new window
王純娟(民95b):一位喪兒父親的蛻變。中華輔導學報,20,1-50。new window
王明雯(民86):自我基模特性與心理健康之關係暨禪修對兩者的影響歷程之研究--以高中職學生為例。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
王怡乃(民94):身心的烙印-被邊緣化麻風病患生命意義之探討。靜宜大學/青少年兒童福利研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
印順(民78):佛法概論。台北:正聞。
若那跋陀羅與會寧等(譯)(無日期):大般涅槃經後分‧遺教品第一。載於大正藏(第十二卷)。
田秀蘭(民89):紮根理論在諮商心理學研究中的應用。輔導季刊,36(4),35-40。new window
江支地(譯)(民84),達賴喇嘛(著):生命之不可思議:揭開輪迴之謎。台北:立緒文化。
行政院文化建設委員會(民97):台灣民間信仰。民國97年4月24日,取自http://www.mwr.org.tw/tw_religion/introduction/tw.htm。
行政院文化建設委員會(民97):道教。民國97年4月24日,取自http://www.mwr.org.tw/tw_religion/introduction/dao.htm。
朱衣(譯)(民92),達賴喇嘛(著):達賴喇嘛的人生智慧--快樂。台北:時報。
朱玲億、林美薰、李立維、趙家琛、李島鳳、游淑瑜、周士雍 (譯)(民89),R. J. Corsini 與D. Wedding(著):當代心理治療的理論與實務(Current psychotherapies)。台北:心理。(原著第五版出版於1995年)
何長珠(民95年10月):悲傷影響因素之初探研究。論文發表於南華大學舉辦之「第六屆現代生死學理論建構」學術研討會,嘉義。new window
余德慧(民79):中國人心底的故事。載於余德慧(主編),中國人的父母經—黏結與親情(1-14頁)。台北:張老師。
何美蓮(民94):失去青少年子女哀傷現象之探究-母親觀點之敘說。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
李清澤(民89):什麼是收驚?什麼是心理治療?什麼是全方位治療?〈華人的世界觀與心理治療〉評論稿(二)。載於鄭志明(主編),生命關懷與心靈治療(253-258頁)。嘉義:南華大學宗教文化研究中心。
李沛良(民71):社會科學與本土化概念:以醫緣為例。載於楊國樞、文崇一(主編),社會及行為科學研究的中國化(361-380頁)。台北:中研院民族所。new window
李雅玲(民78):癌症死亡兒童的母親期哀傷反應及調適行為之研究。國立台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
杜仲傑、沈永正、楊大和、饒怡君、吳幸宜(譯)(民91),P. Christopher(著):變態心理學 (The psychology of abnormality)。台北:桂冠。
杜蕙明(民87):子宮內胎兒死亡之產婦的生活經驗。國防醫學院護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
邱明麗、莊慧秋(民83):中日爸爸的教育擔子。載於余德慧(主編),中國人的養育觀—付出與期待(25-53頁)。台北:張老師。
法鼓山編著(民95):佛化奠祭手冊。台北:法鼓文化。
法燈法炬(譯)(無日期):地藏菩薩本願經。南投:中台山文教基金會。
林本炫(民86):當代台灣民眾宗教信仰變遷的分析。國立台灣大學社會學系研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
林本炫(民92):紮根理論研究法評介。載於齊力、林本炫(主編),質性研究方法與資料分析(171-200頁)。嘉義:南華大學教育社會學研究所。
林秀玲(民91):敘說治療與焦點解決短期諮商之比較。諮商與輔導,200,2-10。
林香君(民88):混沌理論對心理改變歷程探究與諮商實務的啟發。輔導學大趨勢,295-324。台北:心理。
林家塋(民88):喪失子女的父母失落與悲傷反應及復原歷程之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
林家甄(民95):從家暴婦女到安寧志工:一個生命意義感之階層分析研究。南華大學/生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
林鳳榆(民92):佛教生死服務志願工作者之生命意義追求歷程。國立臺灣師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林萬傳(民97):一貫道。民國97年4月24日,取自http://www.tyhg.gov.tw/cgi-bin/SM_theme?page=41640bf3
林耀盛(民89):地震之後,千禧之始:重探「心理學」與「諮商學」的共構關係。應用心理研究,5,165-193。new window
金明求(民90):佛教死亡思惟探索:《三言》故事中佛教死亡思惟探索──超越因果輪迴後的涅槃世界。中華佛學研究,5,441-463。new window
姜忠信、洪福建(譯)(民89),I. M. Blackburn與K. M. Da6vidson(著):認知治療的實務手冊-以處理憂鬱與焦慮為例(Cognitive therapy for depression & anxiety- A pracittioner’s guide)。台北:楊智。
吳芝儀、廖梅花(譯)(民90),A. Strauss與J. Corbin(著):紮根理論研究方法 (Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory)。嘉義:濤石。(原著第二版出版於1998年)
吳永猛、謝聰輝(民94):台灣民間信仰儀式。台北:國立空中大學。
洪啟嵩(民85):莊嚴之死。台北:時報。
洪莉竹(民89):台灣諮商輔導人員在學習諮商過程中文化議題的衝擊與統整。台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學習博士論文,未出版,台北市。new window
洪雅琴(民90):後現代主義續視治療概論(三之二)。諮商與輔導,182,20-25。
徐宗國(民83):紮根理論研究法:淵源、原則、技術與含意。香港社會科學學報,4,194-221。
徐宗國(譯)(民86),A. Strauss與J. Corbin(著):質性研究概論。(Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques)台北:巨流。
高申春(民90):人性輝煌之路:班杜拉的社會學習理論。台北:貓頭鷹。
高淑清(民97):質性研究的18堂課:揚帆再訪之旅。高雄市:麗文。
高維菁(民87):癌末病童病逝後父母的生活調適。安寧療護雜誌,10,12-20。new window
郭秀娟(民94):從佛教經典談論佛教生死觀。中華禮儀,13,1-5。
郭玲莉(民85):胎兒被診斷有異常之婦女於第二孕期接受中止妊娠所承受的衝擊與調適歷程。台灣大學護理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
陳向明(民91):社會科學質的研究。台北:五南。new window
陳金燕等(譯)(民89),A. E. Ivey, M. B. Ivey與L. Simek-Morgan(著):諮商與心理治療:多元文化觀點 (Counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective)。台北:五南。(原著第四版出版於2000年)
陳珍德(民83):癌症病人生命意義之研究。國立彰化師範大學/輔導學系碩士論文論文,未出版,彰化市。new window
陳琴富(譯)(民86),達賴喇嘛(著):藏傳佛教世界—西藏佛教的哲學與實踐。台北:立緒。
陳琴富(譯)(民92),達賴喇嘛(著):超越的智慧:達賴喇嘛開示入菩薩行智慧品。台北:立緒。
陳錫琦(民89):佛教與生死。載於林錡雲(主編),生死學(153-183頁)。台北:洪葉。
陳淑齡(民86):一位因胎兒異常於第二孕期接受終止妊娠孕婦之經驗與因應行為。護理雜誌,44(4),43-52。new window
陳淑鈴、余玉眉(民89):懷有唐氏症胎兒的初產婦接受終止妊娠過程的生活處境。護理研究,8(2),177-187。new window
陳紹韻(民87):阿含經典之喪親輔導個案初探。中華佛學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
陳紹韻(民88):《雜阿含‧1178經》為主之喪親輔導個案初探。載於福嚴佛學院(主編),第十屆佛學論文聯合發表會論文集(1-18頁),新竹市。
陳紹韻(民89):以《增壹阿含‧善聚品》第7經為主之喪親輔導個案初探,中華佛學研究,4,35-58。
許玉來(譯)(民91),J. H. Lord(著):美國頭號殺手:車禍。載於李開敏(校閱主編),與悲傷共渡:走出親人遽逝的喪慟(29-45頁)。臺北:心理。
許慧玲(譯)(民86),V. Burr與T. Butt(著):個人建構心理學入門:解讀你的心靈(Invitation to personal construct psychology)。台北市:心理。
許梅桃、余德慧、李維倫(民94):哀悼傷逝的文化模式:由連結到療癒。載於楊國樞(主編),華人心理治療與倫理(49-84頁)。台北:台灣大學心理學系本土心理學研究室。new window
黃光國(民89):華人的世界觀與心理治療。載於鄭志明(主編),生命關懷與心靈治療(219-246頁)。嘉義:南華大學宗教文化研究中心。new window
黃光國(民96年1月):儒家社會中的生活目標、成就動機與努力之價值。載於中原大學心理系舉辦之「第一屆本土心理學研習營中級班:本土化心理學研究的方法」論文集(23-65頁),中壢市。new window
黃秀美(民91):智能障礙者之家長生命意義之研究。南華大學/生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
黃素菲(譯)(民95),L. Cochran(著):敘事取向的生涯諮商(Career counseling: A narrative approach)。台北:張老師。
黃菊珍(民94):週產期新生兒死亡父母親悲傷調適歷程之研究。國立台北護理學院生死教育與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃鳳英(民87):喪親家屬之悲傷與悲傷輔導。安寧療護雜誌,10,69-83。new window
黃淑姿、湯玉英(民85):罹患腦瘤死亡兒童母親所面臨的失落哀傷反應及調適行為。護理雜誌,43(4),34-41。new window
程樹德、傅大為、王道還、錢永祥(譯)(民96),T. S. Kuhn(著):科學革命的結構 (The structure of scientific revolutions)。台北:遠流。
張玉芬、朱翠萍(民88):一位失去早產兒父親期角色及哀傷。長庚護理,10(1),51-55。new window
張利中(民90):「尋獲生命意義」的時態與心理歷程,南華大學生死學通訊,5。
張利中(民92):安寧護理人員的「安身與立命」-台灣地區195位安寧病房護理人員世界觀、生命意義與死亡因應能力之相關研究。論文發表於第三屆現代生死學理論建構研討會。嘉義南華大學生死學系。
張利中(民93):生命意義感的階層模式分析:一個生命意義研究新方向議題。論文發表於第四屆現代生死學理論建構學術研討會,嘉義南華大學生死學系。
張利中(民95):生命意義感的階層模式分析-一位重複受災山區女性整全取向之質性研究。論文發表於第六屆現代生死學理論建構學術研討會。嘉義南華大學生死學系。new window
張俊(民93):宗教為德行許諾幸福—道教、佛教、基督教三模式。世界宗教學刊,4,135-153。new window
張淑芬(民85):喪子悲傷反應及意義治療的應用。諮商與輔導,127,24-27。
張碧芬(民82):週產期新生兒死亡及其哀傷。榮總護理,10(3),252-259。new window
張靜玉、顏素卿、徐有進、徐彬、黃慧玲、張薇卿、徐慧娟等(譯)(民93),C. A. Corr、C. M. Nabe與D. M.Corr(著):死亡教育與輔導(Death and dying, life and living)。台北市:洪葉。(原著第四版出版於2003年)
張雅媜 (民94):安寧病房癌末病患家屬預期性悲傷之情緒轉換因子探討。東海大學社會工作學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
游恆山、邊光旭(譯)(民88),R. S. Sharf(著):心理治療與諮商理論—觀念與個案(Theories of psychotherapy and counseling: concepts and cases)。台北:五南。
堪布-竹清嘉措仁波切(民89):空大自在的微笑:空性禪修次第。台北:張老師。
傅偉勳(民84):佛教思想的傳承與發展:印順導師九秩華誕祝壽文集,台北:東大。
鈕文英(民96):教育研究方法與論文寫作。台北:雙葉。
曾英芬、徐敏桃、郭玲莉(民90):關懷照護的現象學研究--從經歷死產台灣婦女的經驗談起。護理研究,9(3),223-231。new window
曾英芬、陳彰惠(民94):台灣死產失落婦女之家庭傷慟與諮商。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(報告編號:NSC92-2314-B-273-003)。中華醫事科技大學護理系(科)。
曾煥棠(民89):信仰與喪葬角色功能。載於林錡雲(主編),生死學(255-290頁)。台北:洪葉。
葉何賢文(民91):悲傷調適歷程及生命意義展現之研究-以喪子(女)父母為例。南華大學生死學研究所碩士,未出版,台北市。
達賴喇嘛(民88):達賴喇嘛講述:四聖諦。民國95年7月16日,取自http://www.tibet.org.tw/four-noble/four-noble09.htm。
達賴喇嘛(民95):藏傳佛法概要。民國95年5月30日,取自http://www.tibet.org.tw/develop.htm。
楊玉娥(民85):婦女面對子宮內胎兒死亡之認知反應。護理雜誌,43(1),64-70。new window
楊書婷(譯)(民94),達賴喇嘛(著):快樂就從轉念起:達賴喇嘛的開示。台北縣:四方書城。
楊淑智(譯)(民93),C. A. Corr, C. M. Nabe, 與D. M. Corr(著):當代生死學(Death and dying, life and living)。台北:洪葉。(原著第四版出版於2003年)
楊淑智(譯)(民91),C. Lukas與H. M. Seiden(著):難以承受的告別-自殺者親友的哀傷旅程(Silent grief: Living in the wake of suicide)。台北:心靈工坊。
楊國樞(民96年1月):從事本土心理學研究的基本觀念。載於中原大學心理系舉辦之「第一屆本土心理學研習營中級班:本土化心理學研究的方法」論文集(11-21頁),中壢市。
蔡佳玲、葉昭幸、李淑珠(民89):母親經歷癌症兒童死亡後之情緒調適。長庚護理,11(1),22-32。new window
蔡明芳(民94):成人志工生命意義感之轉化學習歷程研究。國立中正大學/成人及繼續教育所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
鄧素文、林合晴(民81):悲逝及調整 -- 一位產婦後痛失新生兒的哀慟反應。護理新象,2(8),461-475。
鄧旗明(民91):雙峰患者生命意義之探討~~以乳癌個案為例。南華大學/生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
鄭振煌(譯)(民85):索甲仁波切(著)。西藏生死書。台北:張老師。
鄭振煌(民88a):邁向二十一世紀的生死觀:生死本體論。民國96年5月6日,取自http://www.tow.org.tw/rm/zheng/zheng_29.htm。
鄭振煌(民88b):邁向二十一世紀的生死觀:生死現象論。民國96年5月6日,取自http://www.tow.org.tw/rm/zheng/zheng_30.htm。
鄭振煌(民89):死後的真相。民國96年5月6日,取自http://www.tow.org.tw/rm/zheng/zheng_09.htm。
鄭振煌(譯)(民90),達賴喇嘛(著):第十四世達賴喇嘛講述西藏佛教的修行道。基隆:達賴喇嘛西藏宗教基金會。
鄭振煌(譯)(民93a),達賴喇嘛(著):達賴喇嘛談心經。台北:圓神。
鄭振煌(譯)(民93b),達賴喇嘛(著):達賴喇嘛在哈佛:論四聖諦、輪迴和敵人。台北:立緒。
鄭振煌(民95):輪迴與淨土。民國96年5月30日,取自http://www.tow.org.tw/rm/zheng/zheng_56.htm。
潘素卿(民84):佛教徒的死亡觀念與生命意義之關係研究及其在諮商上的應用。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系博士論文,未出版,彰化市。new window
劉香美(民93):世界觀、生活目標與生命意義感之相互構築:一個以重複受災地區成年人的敘事研究。南華大學生死學研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
劉明德、王心慈編著(民92):生死教育—生命總會找到出路。台北:楊智。
劉凱申(民83):拒絕長大的龍族。載於余德慧(主編),中國人的養育觀—付出與期待(1-24頁)。台北:張老師。
劉靜女(民87):悲傷父母之評估與處遇。中華醫務社會工作實務,1,48-56。
劉翔平(民90):尋找生命的意義-弗蘭克的意義治療學說。台北:果實。
謝雯嬋(民93):佛教助念對喪親者悲傷療癒影響之探討。南華大學生死學研究所碩士,未出版,嘉義市。
聶雅婷(民90):西藏《度亡經》與基督教聖經《生死觀》之探討,研究與動態,3,69-84。
羅黎明(民83):一位產婦面臨失去胎兒的行為反應。助產雜誌,38,45-52。
釋見豪(民91):建構以四聖諦為綱領的佛法知識體系。佛教圖書館館訊,31,38-71。new window
釋宗惇、釋法成、陳慶餘、釋會焜、釋天琳(民93):信仰認知對癌末病人與其照顧者之影響。安寧療護,9(2),124-132。new window
釋宗惇、釋滿祥、陳慶餘、釋惠敏(民93):臨終說法與助念之臨床應用。安寧療護,9(3),236-252。new window
釋明暘(無日期):佛法概要。台中:普一。
釋星雲(民72):死亡之後的生命。民國96年5月6日,取自http://www.fgs.org.tw/master/mastera/library/buddhist-book/08-2.htm。
釋聖嚴(民70):正信的佛教。台北:法鼓文化。
釋聖嚴(民77):學佛群疑。台北:東初。
釋聖嚴(民88):佛教入門。台北:法鼓文化。
釋聖嚴(民95):生與死的尊嚴。台北:法鼓文化。
釋滿祥、釋宗惇、陳慶餘、釋惠敏(民85):超薦佛事與遺屬輔導。哲學與文化,33(4),69-85。new window
釋慧開(民93):儒佛生死學與哲學論文集。台北:洪葉文化。


貳、英文書目
Attig, T. (2001). Relearning the world: Making and finding meanings. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp. 33-53). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Balk, D. E., & Corr, C. A. (2001). Bereavement during adolescnce: A review of research. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 199-218). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Batten, M., & Oltjenbruns, K. A. (1999). Adloescent sibling bereavement as a catalyst for spiritual development:A model for understanding. Death Studies, 23, 529-546.
Benore, E. R., & Park, C. L. (2004). Death-specific religious beliefs and bereavement: Belief in an afterlife and continued attachment. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14(1), 1-22.
Bowlby, J., & Parkes, C. M. (1970). Separation and loss within the family. In E. J. Anthony (Eds.), The child in his family (pp. 197-216). New York: Wiley..
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. London: Hogarth.
Bonds, D. M. (2004). The reconstruction of meaning: The midlife daughter and the death of her mother. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota.
Bower, J. E., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., & Fahey. J. L. (2003). Finding positive meaning and its association with natural killer cell cytotoxicity among participants in a bereavement-related disclosure intervention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. 25 (2), 146-55.
Brabant, S., Forsyth, C. J., & McFarlain, G. (1997). The impact of the death of a child on meaning and purpose in life. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 2, 255-266.
Braun, M. L., & Berg, D. H. (1994). Meaning reconstruction in the experience of bereavement. Death Studies, 18, 105-129.
Chan, C. L., Chow, A. Y., Ho, S. M. Tsui, Y. K., Tin, A. F., Koo, B. W., et al. (2005). The experience of Chinese bereaved persons: a preliminary study of meaning making and continuing bonds. Death Studies. 29 (10), 923-947.
Corey, G. (2001). Theory & practive of counseling & psychotherapy (6th. ed.). Stamford, Conn : Brooks/Cole.
Corr, C. A., Nabe, C. M., & Corr, D. M. (2003). Death and dying, life and living (4th ed.). Washington, D. C.: International Thomason.
Davies, R. (2004). New understandings of parental grief: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5). 506-513.
Davis, C. G., Wortman, C. B., Lehman, D. R. & Silver, R. C. (2000). Searching for meaning in loss: Are clinical assumptions correct? Death Studies. 24(6), 497-540.
Downey, G., Silver, R., & Wortman, C. (1990). Reconsidering the attribution-adjustment relationship following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 925-940.
Fielden, J. M., & Fielden, J. ( 2003). Grief as a transformative experience: Weaving through different lifeworlds after a loved one has completed suicide. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(1), 74-85.
Forward, D. R. (2001). The search for new meaning: Adolescent bereavement after the sudden death of a sibling. A grounded theory study. Unplublished master dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
Frame, M. W. (2003). Integrating religion and spirituality into counseling: A comprehensive approach. Canada: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.
Frantz, T. T., Trolley, B. C., & Johll, M. P. (1996). Religious aspects of bereavement. Pastoral Psychology, 44, 151-163.
Gillies, J., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2006). Loss, grief, and the search for significance: Toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19, 31-65.
Golsworthy, R., & Coyle, A. (1999). Spiritual beliefs and the search for meaning among older adults following partner loss. Mortality, 4(1), 21-40.
Golsworthy, R., & Coyle, A. (2001). Practitioners' accounts of religious and spiritual dimensions in bereavement therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly,14(3), 183-202.
Gamino, L. A., & Sewell, K. W. (2004). Meaning constructs as predictors of bereavement adjustment: A report from the Scott & White Grief Study. Death Studies. 28(5), 397-421.
Greenberg, L. S. (1992). Task analysis:Identifying components of intrapersonal conflict resolution. In S. Toukmanian & D. Rennie (Eds.), Psychotherapy process research (pp. 25-50). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Greenberg, L. S., & Newman, F. L. (1996). An Approach to psychotherapy change process research:Introduction to the special section. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 435-438.
Hagman, G. (2001). Beyond decathexis: Toward a new psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of mourning. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss(pp. 13-31). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Higgins, M. P. (2002). Parental bereavement and religious factors. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 45, 187-207.
Hogan, N., Morse, J. M., & Tason, M. C. (1996). Toward an experiential theory of bereavement. Omega, 33, 43-65.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
Janoff-Bulman, R., & Berg, M. (1998). Disillusionment and the creation of value: From traumatic losses to existential gains. In J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Perspectives on Loss: A sourcebook (pp. 35-47). Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
Joe, W. (1997). Invasion of the sorrow-snatchers. Newsmagazine, 24(9), 34-38.
Kelley, M. M. (2003). Bereavement and grief related to a significant death: A psychological and theological study of attachment styles and religious coping. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Boston, Boston , MA.
Klass, D. (1997). The deceased child in the psychic and social worlds of bereaved parents during the resolution of grief. Death Studies, 21(2), 147-176.
Klass, D. (1999). The spiritual lives of bereaved parents. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Klass, D. (2001). The Inner representation of the dead child in the psychic and social narratives of bereaved parents. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp. 77-94). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Springer.
Kuek, S. L. J. (2005). Child death in Chinese culture. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Wright Institute, Berkeley, California.
Laliberte, A. (2004). The politics of buddhist organizations in Taiwan : 1989-2003 safeguarding the faith, building a pure land, helping the poor . New York. N.Y.: Routledge Curzon.
Magwaza, A. S. (1999). Assumptive world of traumatized South African adults. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(5), 622-630.
MaLeold, J. (1997). Narrative and psychotherapy. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Malkinson, R., & Bar-Tur, L. (2005). Long term bereavement processes of older parents: The three phases of grief. Omega, 50(2), 103-129.
Martin, T. L., & Doka, K, J.(2000). Men don’t cry, women do: Transcending gender stereotypes of grief. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
Matthews, L., & Marwit, S. J. ( 2004). Examining the assumptive world views of parents bereaved by accident, murder, and illness. Omega: Journal of Death & Dying, 48(2), 115-136.
Mattews, L. T., & Marwit, S. J. (2006). Meaning reconstruction in the context of religious coping: Rebuilding the shattered assumptive world. Omega, 53(2), 87-104.
McIntosh, D. N., Silver, R. C., & Wortman, C. B. (1993). Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65( 4), 812-821.
McLeold, J., (1997). Narrative and Psychotherapy. London:Sage.
Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: theory to practice. New Directions for Adult and Continue Education, 74 , 5-12.
Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning to think like an adult: Core concepts of transformation theory. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation: Critical perspective on a theory in progess (pp. 3-33). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Michael, S. T., & Snyder C. R. (2005). Getting unstuck: The roles of hope, finding meaning, and rumination in the adjustment to bereavement among college students. Death Studies, 29 (5), 435-58.
Miles, M. S. (1984). Helping adults mourn the death of a child. In H. Wass & C. A. Corr (Eds.), Childhood and death (pp. 219-241). Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Com..
Murphy, S.A. ( 2000). The use of research findings in bereavement programs: A case study. Death Studies, 24 (7), 585-602.
Murphy, S. A., Braun, T., Tiliery, L., Cain, K. C., Johnson, L. C., & Beaton, R. D. ( 1999a). PTSD among bereaved parents following the violent deaths of their 12- to 28-year-old children: A longitudinal prospective analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(2), 273-292.
Murphy, S.A., Das Gupta, A., Cain, K. C., Johnson, L. C., Lohan, J., Wu, L., & Mekwa, J. (1999b). Changes in parents’mental distress after the violent death of an adolescent or young adult child: A longitudinal, prospective analysis. Death Studies, 23(2), 129-159.
Murphy, S. A., & Johnson, L. C. (2003) .Finding meaning in a child's violent death: A five-year prospective a nalysis of parents' personal narratives and empirical data. Death Studies , 27 (5), 381-404.
Murphy, S. A., Johnson, L. C., Chung, I. J., & Beaton, R. D. ( 2003). The prevalence of PTSD following the violent death of a child and predictors of change 5 years later. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(1), 17-26.
Murphy, S.A., Tapper, V. J., Johnson, L. C., & Lohan, J. (2003). Suicide ideation among parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their children. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24(1), 5-26.
Neimeyer, R. A. (1998). Social constructionism in the counseling context. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 11, 135-149.
Neimeyer, R. A. (1999). Narrative strategies in grief therapy. Journal of Contructivist Psychology, 12, 65-85.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2000). Searching for the meaning of meaning. Death Studies, 24, 541-558.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001a). Introduction: Meaning reconstruction & loss. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp. 1-9). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001b). The language of loss: Grief therapy as a process of meaning reconstruction. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp. 261-292). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001c). Preface. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp.ⅩⅠ-ⅩⅢ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Neimeyer, R. A., & Anderson, A. (2002). Meaning reconstruction theory. In N. Thompson (Ed.), Loss and grief: A guide for human service practitioners (pp. 45-64). New York: Palgrave.
Neimeyer R.A., Baldwin, S. A., & Gillies, J. (2006). Continuing bonds and reconstructing meaning: Mitigating complications in bereavement. Death Studies. 30 (8), 715-738.
Neimeyer, R. A., & Hogan, N. S. (2001). Quantitative or qualitative? Measurement issues in the study of grief. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 89-118). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Parkes, C. M. (1993). bereavement as a psychosocial transition: Processes of adaptation to change. In D. Dickenson, & M. Johnson, Death, dying, bereavement (pp. 241-247). California : SAGE Publications Ltd.
Parkes, C. M. (1998). Bereavement : Studies of grief in adult life (3rd. ed.). Madison, Conn. : International Universities Press.
Parkes, C. M. (2001). A historical overview of the scientific study of bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 25-45). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Park, C. L., & Cohen, L. H. (1992, August). Personal responsibility versus God’s will: Religious and non-religious attributions for the death of a friend. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Park, C. L., & Cohen, L. H. (1993). Religious and non-religious coping with the death of a friend. Cognitive Therapy and Reasearch, 17, 561-577.
Pedersen, P. (2000). A handbook for developing multicultural awareness (3rd. ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Perry, G. (2005). Buddha rising. National Geographic, 208(6), 88-109.
Prigerson, H. G., & Jacobs, S. C. (2001). Traumatic grief as a distinct disorder : A Rationale, consensus criteria, and a preliminary empirical test. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 613-645). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Rando, T. A. (1984). Grief, dying, and death: Clinical interventions for caregivers, Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Rando, T. A. (1985). Bereaved parents: Particular difficulties, unique factors, and treatment issues. National Association of Social Workers, 19-23.
Rando, T. A. (1986). Parental loss of a child. Champaign, IL: Research Press Co..
Rando, T. A. (1993). Treatment of complicated mourning. Champaign, IK: Research Press.
Rando, T. A. (1995). Grief and mourning: Accommodating to loss. In H. Wass, & R. A. Neimeyer (Eds.). Dying: Facing the faces (3rd ed., pp. 221-239). Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis.
Ringdal, G. L., Jordhoy, M. S., Ringdal, L., & Kaasa, S. (2001). Factors affecting grief reactions in close family members to individuals who have died of cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 22(6), 1016-1026.
Rosenblatt, P. C. (2000). Parent grief: Narratives of loss and relationship. Philadelphia:Brunner/Mazel.
Rosik, C. H. (1989). The impact of religious orientation in conjugal bereavement among older adults. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 28, 251-560.
Rubin, S. S., & Malkinson, R. (2001). Parental response to child loss across the life cycle: Clinical and research perspectives. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 219-240). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Sakaguchi, Y. (2002). The role of meaning in the psychological process of bereavement:: An examination of benefit finding effect. Shinrigaku Kenkyu: The Japanese Journal of Psychology. 73 (3), 275-80.
Sanders, C. M. (1992). Surving grief and learning to live again. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Sanders, C. M. (1993). Risk factors in bereavement outcome. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 252-267). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schaeffer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (2001). Bereavement experiences and personal growth. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 145-167). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Schwartzberg, S. S., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1991). Grief and the search for meaning: Exploring the assumptive worlds of bereaved college students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 270-288.
Shuchter, S. R., & Zisook, S. (1993) . The course of normal grief. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 23-43). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, P. C., Range, L. M., & Ulmer, A. (1992). Belief in afterlife as a buffer in suicidal and other bereavement. Omega, 24(3), 217-225.
Smith, S. H. (2002). “Fret no more my child… for I’m all over heaven all day”: Religious beliefs in the bereavement of Africa American, middle-aged daughters coping with the death of an elderly mother. Death Studies, 26, 309-323.
Stroebe, M. (1992). Coping with bereavement: A review of the grief work hypothesis. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 26, 19-42.
Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23, 197-224.
Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. (2001a). Meaning making in the dual process model of coping with bereavement. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss (pp. 55-73). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Stroebe, M. S., & Schut, H. (2001b). Models of coping with bereavement: A review. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 375-403). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Stroebe, M. S., Stroebe, W. & Hansson, R. (1993). Bereavement research and theory: An introduction to the handbook. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement : theory, research, and intervention. (pp. 3-19). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stroebe, W., & Schut, H. (2001). Risk factors in bereavement outcome: A methodological and empirical review.. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 349-371). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Stroebe, W., Schut, H., & Stroebe, M. S. (2005). Grief work, disclosure and counseling: Do they help the bereaved ? Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 395-414.
Thompson, N. (2002). Introduction. In N. Thompson (Ed.), Loss and grief: A guide for human service practitioners (pp. 1-20). Basingstoke(UK) and New York: Palgrave.
Thompson, S. C. (1990). Blockades to finding meaning and control. In J. H. Harvey (Ed.), Perspectives on loss: A sourcebook(pp. 21-34). Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
Walter, T. (1996). A new model of grief: Bereavement and biography. Mortality, 1, 7-25.
Wheeler, I. (2001). Parental bereavement: The crisis of meaning. Death Studies. 25(1), 51-66.
Worden, K. W. (1982). Grief counseling and grief therapy : A handbook for the mental health practitioner. New York: Springer.
Worden, K. W. (2002). Grief counseling and grief therapy (3rd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
Zhang, B., El-Jawahri, A., & Prigerson, H. G. (2006). Update on bereavement research: Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of complicated bereavement. Palliative Care Reviews. 9(5). 1188-1203.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE