基本上，考古成績對於古代歷史現象的釐清，具有重要的作用。古代思想亦為人類歷史發展過程中的一種現象，是以，運用考古發掘的成績，必然會對其產生相當程度的影響。本文乃針對今日「出土文獻」研究，對於古代思想研究的啟發，從目前已為學界所運用的幾個方向，「儒學思想發展的定位問題」、「身體觀」、「名言之學」來討論其影響與意義。當然，我也必須說明，本文所要討論的幾個課題，並不是以繁複的辯證來進行。本文乃是宏觀式地提出三個方向，希望能為出土文獻與古代中國思想研究之議題，提供個人的一些想法。

Archaeological excavations allow us to study ancient history in depth, and develop insights about the thought and develop insights about the thought and culture of the societies of the ancient world. Archaeological studies and especially the excavation and analysis of ancient texts provide us with knowledge about life and thought in ancient China, and may be extremely helpful when considering the meaning and influence of various aspects of thought in ancient China. Archeological documents provide us with a more complex understanding of thought in ancient China. These documents may be analyzed from three perspectives: 1)the problem of orientation in the history and development of Confucian Thought 2)the concept of the body and 3)the study of ancient Chinese dictums. An attempt here is made to analyze archeological documents on the thought of ancient China using these three perspectives form a macroscopic level, with the hope of yielding fruitful insights on thought and society in ancient China.