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題名：國中學生目標導向與社會比較關聯性之實徵研究
書刊名：輔導與諮商學報
作者：吳永清／毛國楠 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wu, Yung-ching／Mao, Guo-nan
出版日期：2012
卷期：34:2
頁次：頁45-67
主題關鍵詞：目標導向；社會比較；國中學生；Goal orientation；Social comparison；Junior high school students
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探討國中學生目標導向與社會比較的關係。研究過程採取便利取樣方式，並以「目標導向量表」和「社會比較量表」為研究工具，共獲得 343位國中學生的有效樣本，其中包括男生 170人，女生 173人。經描述性統計、重覆量數單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、典型相關與多元迴歸分析，結果顯示： (1)國中學生的目標導向以趨近表現目標的傾向最高，精熟目標的傾向最低；社會比較則以平行比較的傾向最多，向下比較的傾向最少； (2)不同性別的國中學生在目標導向上沒有差異；但不同性別的國中學生在社會比較上有顯著差異；(3) 國中學生的目標導向和社會比較間有典型相關存在；(4) 目標導向的三個向度皆能顯著預測社會比較的三種類型，其中精熟目標導向最能預測其向上比較和平行比較的行為傾向，逃避表現目標導向最能預測其向下比較和拒絕比較的行為傾向。最後，根據研究結果提出建議，以供實務工作及未來研究參考。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between goal orientation and social comparison for junior high school students. Purposive sampling was used to collect data through questionnaires. The selected sample comprised 343 junior high school students, including 170 male and 173 female students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation and multiple regression. Results showed that: (1) Most of the junior high school students were likely to show performance-approach in their goal orientation, and least likely to show mastery goal. Their social comparison was also most likely lateral comparison and least likely downward comparison; (2) Gender difference was not found in goal orientation, but was found in social comparison; (3) Goal orientation and social comparison showed significant canonical correlations; and (4) Student goal orientation was significantly predictive of student social comparison. Finally based on these findings, some suggestions for practical application and future research were proposed.
期刊論文
1.林麗華、林清文(20031000)。國中生數學科學習之目標導向、社會比較、自我效能與課業壓力關係研究。彰化師大輔導學報，25，87-132。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Smith, M.、Duda, J. L.、Allen, J.、Hall, H.(2002)。Contemporary measures of approach and avoidance goal orientations: Similarities and differences。British Journal of Educational Psychology，72(2)，155-190。  new window
3.Régner, Isabelle、Escribe, Christian、Dupeyrat, Caroline(2007)。Evidence of social comparison in mastery goals in natural academic settings。Journal of Educational Psychology，99(3)，575-583。  new window
4.程炳林(2003)。四向度個人目標導向模式之研究。師大學報：教育類，48(1)，15-40。  延伸查詢new window
5.侯玫如、程炳林、于富雲(20040300)。國中生多重目標導向與其自我調整學習之關係。教育心理學報，35(3)，221-247。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Cross, S. E.、Madson, L.(1997)。Models of the self: Self-construals and gender。Psychological Bulletin，122(1)，5-37。  new window
7.陳嘉成(20101200)。二向度或三向度？--國中生之成就目標建構適用性與自主性在學習歷程角色之研究。教育研究與發展期刊，6(4)，137-166。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Butler, R.(1992)。What Young People Want to Know When: Effects of Mastery and Ability Goals on Interest in Different Kinds of Social Comparisons。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62(6)，934-943。  new window
9.Wood, Joanne V.(1996)。What is social comparison and how should we study it?。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，22(5)，520-537。  new window
10.Taylor, S. E.、Lobel, M.(1989)。Social Comparison Activity under Threat: Downward Evaluation and Upward Contacts。Psychological Review，96(4)，569-575。  new window
11.Wood, J. V.(1989)。Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes。Psychological Bulletin，106(2)，231-248。  new window
12.余民寧、趙珮晴、許嘉家(20090400)。影響國中小女學生學業成就與學習興趣因素--以臺灣國際數學與科學教育成就趨勢調查（TIMSS）資料為例。教育資料與研究，87，79-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Butler, R.(1993)。Effects of Task- and Ego-Achievement Goals on Information Seeking During Task Engagement。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，65(1)，18-31。  new window
14.Darnon, C.、Dompnier, B.、Gillieron, O.、Butera, F.(2010)。The interplay of mastery and performance goals in social comparison: A multiple-goal perspective。Journal of Educational Psychology，102(1)，212-222。  new window
15.Xiang, Ping、Lee, Amelia、Shen, Jianhua(2001)。Conceptions of ability and achievement goals in physical education: Comparisons of American and Chinese Students。Contemporary Educational Psychology，26(3)，348-365。  new window
16.Festinger, Leon(1954)。A theory of social comparison processes。Human Relations，7(2)，117-140。  new window
17.Wheeler, L. K.、Miyake, K.(1992)。Social comparison in everyday life。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62，760-773。  new window
18.Middleton, M. J.、Midgley, C.(1997)。Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability: An underexplored aspect of goal theory。Journal of Educational Psychology，89(4)，710-718。  new window
19.宋秋美、程炳林、周啟葶(20100900)。課室目標結構對個人目標導向的調節效果。教育心理學報，42(1)，99-121。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Ames, C.(1992)。Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation。Journal of Educational Psychology，84(3)，261-271。  new window
21.Elliot, Andrew J.(1999)。Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals。Educational Psychologist，34(3)，169-189。  new window
22.Elliot, A. J.、McGregor, H. A.(2001)。A 2×2 achievement goal framework。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，80(3)，501-519。  new window
23.Dweck, Carol S.(1986)。Motivational Processes Affecting Learning。American Psychologist，41(10)，1040-1048。  new window
24.Nicholls, John G.(1984)。Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance。Psychological Review，91(3)，328-346。  new window
25.陳嘉成(20060600)。為什麼自我跛足？與數學能力知覺、測驗焦慮對學習行為組型的中介效果。測驗學刊，53(1)，49-77。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.Elliot, Andrew J.、Harackiewicz, Judith M.(1996)。Approach and Avoidance Achievement Goals and Intrinsic Motivation: A Mediational Analysis。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，70(3)，461-475。  new window
27.Maehr, M. L.、Midgley, C.(1991)。Enhancing student motivation: A school-wide approach。Educational Psychologist，26(3)，399-427。  new window
28.黃德祥(19920600)。國中班級社會比較之研究。輔導學報，15，17-41。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.林以正(19990600)。華人的社會比較：比較什麼？與誰比較？為何比較？。本土心理學研究，11，93-125。new window  延伸查詢new window
30.于曉平、林幸台(20100300)。角色楷模課程對高中數理資優女生性別角色、生涯自我效能與生涯發展影響之研究。教育科學研究期刊，55(1)，27-61。new window  延伸查詢new window
31.Ruble, D. N.、Eisenberg, R.、Higgins, E. T.(1994)。Developmental changes in achievement evaluation: Motivational implications of self-other differences。Children Development，65(4)，1095-1110。  new window
32.Ybema, J. F.、Buunk, B. P.(1993)。Aiming at the top? Upward social comparison of abilities after failure。European Journal of Social Psychology，23(6)，627-645。  new window
33.陳嘉成(2010)。強勢目標或多元目標？不同分析法對國小學童學習歷程之差異比較與成就目標影響學習成就路徑之模式檢驗。教育與心理研究，33(3)，107-137。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.黃惠卿、林啓超(2005)。國中生數學之成就目標導向對自我效能和不適應學習行爲之關係。教育科學期刊，5(2)，27-51。new window  延伸查詢new window
35.Aldridge, A. A.、Roesch, S. C.(2008)。Developing coping typologies of minority adolescents: A latent profile analysis。Journal of Adolescence，31，499-517。  new window
36.Baumeister, R. F.、Sommer, K. L.(1997)。What do men want? Gender differences and two spheres of belongingness: Comment on Cross and Madson (1997)。Psychological Bulletin，122，38-44。  new window
37.Butler, R.(1989)。Mastery versus ability appraisals: A developmental study of children's observations of peers' work。Child Development，60，1350-1361。  new window
38.Butler, R.(1995)。Motivational and informational functions and consequences of children's attention to peer's work。Journal of Educational Psychology，87(3)，347-360。  new window
39.Gibbons, F. X.、Buunk, B. P.(1999)。Individual differences in social comparison: Development and validation of a measure of social comparison orientation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，76，129-142。  new window
40.Heintz, P.、Steele-Johnson, D.(2004)。Clarifying the conceptual definitions of goal orientation dimensions: Competence, control, and evaluation。Organizational Analysis，12，5-19。  new window
41.Pepitone, E. A.(1972)。Comparison behavior in elementary school children。American Educational Research Journal，9，45-63。  new window
42.Pintrich, P. R.(2000)。Multiple goal, multiple pathway: The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement。Journal of Educational Psychology，92(3)，544-555。  new window
43.Poortvliet、Darnon(2010)。Toward a more social understanding of achievement goals: The interpersonal effects of mastery and performance goals。Current Directions in Psychological Science，19(5)，324-328。  new window
研究報告
1.施淑愼(2005)。我只是不爲，而非不能：教室目標結構與學童之成就目標、考試焦慮以及自我阻礙策略的運用之關係。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.黃雅惠(2006)。高職學生之自我設限、個人目標導向、自尊與學業表現之相關研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳虹瑾(2007)。國中生社會目標歷程分析：環境-社會與成就目標模式之檢驗(碩士論文)。國立成功大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.張绣珺(2000)。國小學童之學業成績社會比較與自尊、自我效能及幸福感之相關研究，屏東。  延伸查詢new window
4.林麗華(2002)。目標導向、社會比較、自我效能與課業壓力關係之研究(碩士論文)。彰化師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.朱麗勳(2005)。國中生人際價値、社會比較與學校滿意度之研究。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。  延伸查詢new window
6.余淑如(2011)。基隆市八年級學生學習動機、數學焦慮與數學學業成就之相關研究。經國管理暨健康學院，基隆市。  延伸查詢new window
7.李宜娗(2009)。國中教師期望、教室目標結構、成就目標與課業投入之研究。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。  延伸查詢new window
8.李慧娟(2003)。國中學生社會比較與同儕關係之研究。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。  延伸查詢new window
9.楊小惠(2001)。台北地區高中職學生社會比較及其相關因素之研究。國立政治大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
10.趙英婷(2005)。高中生之自尊、個人目標導向、自我設限與學業表現之相關研究--以台北市某一高中爲例。國立臺灣師範大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.黃德祥(1994)。青少年發展與輔導。臺北：五南。  延伸查詢new window
2.Aron, Arthur、Aron, Elaine N.、黃瓊蓉(2005)。心理與教育統計學。台北：學富出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Covington, M. V.(1992)。Making the grade: A self-worth perspective on motivation and school reform。New York, NY：Holt, Rinehart, & Winston：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Maehr, M. L.、Midgley, C.(1996)。Transforming school culture。Boulder, CO：Westview Press。  new window
5.Pintrich, Paul R.、Schunk, Dale H.(2002)。Motivation in education: Theory, research and applications。Pearson Education, Inc。  new window
6.吳明隆、涂金堂(2005)。SPSS與統計應用分析實務。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.Hair, Joseph F. Jr.、Black, William C.、Babin, Barry J.、Anderson, Rolph E.、Tatham, Ronald L.(2006)。Multivariate data analysis。Pearson Prentice Hall。  new window
8.陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子健(2008)。多變量分析方法--統計軟體應用。五南。  延伸查詢new window
9.Suls, J.、Mullen, B.(1982)。Form the cradle to the grave: Comparison and self-evaluation across the life-span。Psychological perspective on the self \\ J. Suls (Ed.)。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
10.Zimmerman, B. J.、Cleary, T. J.(2009)。Motives to self-regulate Learning: A social cognitive account。Handbook of motivation at school \\ K. R. Wentzel ; A. Wigfield (Eds.)。New York, NY。  new window
11.Moller, A. C.、Elliot, A. J.(2006)。The 2 x 2 achievement goal framework: An overview of empirical research。Focus on educational psychology \\ A. V. Mitel (Ed.)。New York, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.Butler, R.(2005)。Competence assessment, competence, and motivation between early and middle childhood。Handbook of competence and motivation。New York, NY：Guilford Press。  new window
2.Arkin, R. M.、Baumgardner, A. H.(1985)。Self-handicapping。Attribution: Basic issues and applications。New York。  new window
3.Zimmerman, Barry J.(1998)。Developing Self-Fulfilling Cycles of Academic Regulation: An Analysis of Exemplary Instructional Models。Self-Regulated Learning: From Teaching to Self-Reflective Practice。Guilford Press。  new window
4.Taylor, S. E.、Wayment, H. A.、Carrillo, M.(1996)。Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation。Handbook of motivation and cognition。New York, NY：Guilford Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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