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題名：交叉壓力、意見表達與政黨認同：2008年立法委員選舉的實證分析
書刊名：選舉研究
作者：劉自平／吳重禮 引用關係／戴士展
作者(外文)：Liu, Tzu-ping／Wu, Chung-li／Dai, Shih-chan
出版日期：2012
卷期：19:2
頁次：頁1-36
主題關鍵詞：社會人際網絡；交叉壓力；意見表達；政黨認同；Interpersonal network；Cross-pressure；Opinion expression；Party identification
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在探討，在不同的人際互動關係之下，是否會影響民眾的政治表達？不同於以往研究政治參與偏重的「社會人口因素」 (socio-demographic factor)與「政治動員」 (political mobilization)等解釋途徑，本文援引「交叉壓力」 (cross-pressures)作為研究架構，分析在 2008年立法委員競選期間，個人處於交叉壓力之下，特別是自己的政治立場與其他家人不同時，對於意見表達的影響。作者採用「 2005年至 2008年『選舉與民主化調查』四年期研究規劃 (III)：2008年立法委員選舉面訪案」 (TEDS2008L)資料，將民眾區分為四種類型，以「政黨認同」 (party identification)作為「意見表達」的代理變數，利用「雙變數交叉分析」 (cross-tabulation analysis)與「多項勝算對數模型」 (multinomial logit model)進行檢證，探討四種類型選民與政黨認同意見表達的相關性。研究結果顯示，在考量其他變數的效應之下，四種類型民眾與意見表達的關係，大致相符研究預期。換言之，儘管若干民眾抱持特定政治偏好與立場，然而受到交叉壓力的影響，因此在面訪調查時，往往委婉拒絕表達政治態度或者表示其政黨偏好，並回答不支持任何朝野政黨，而被歸類為屬於政治中立的獨立選民。這印證本文所提出的研究假設：在社會人際網絡中，較能處理交叉壓力的選民，其從事政治表達的機會較高；反之，較無法處理交叉壓力的選民，其直接表達政治立場的可能性較低。
This study examines whether people’s interpersonal relationship and social environments are important resources, which affect individuals’ opinion expressions. Different from the approaches such of “socio-demographic factors” and “political mobilization” in the existing literature on political participation, this study uses “cross-pressures” as its theoretical framework, analyzing the influence posed by cross-pressures on persons’ inclination to express their own political opinions in the 2008 Legislative Yuan elections. The cross-pressures might be especially salient when their political positions are different from those of their family members. We employ the 2008 Taiwan Election and Democratization Study(TEDS 2008) survey data, using “cross-tabulation analyses” and “multinomial logit models” to investigate the association between four-type respondents and political expressions. Note that the variable of “party identification” is employed as the proxy for tapping the concept of political expression. The findings reveal that the variables of gender, age, ethnicity, Taiwanese/ Chinese consciousness, unification/independence preference, cross-pressures, and four-type respondents are the significant factors associated with an individual’s expression of party identification, and most of them run in the expected directions. More importantly, some respondents refuse to express their real partisan preferences and therefore report themselves as “independents” during face-to-face interviews when they are under social interactions with cross-pressures. The results confirm the major hypothesis of this research: individuals having homogeneous social interactions and under low-level cross-pressures are predisposed to talk about politics, while people in cross-pressures involving greater political disagreement are less likely to express their political preferences.
期刊論文
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18.陳陸輝(20001100)。臺灣選民政黨認同的持續與變遷。選舉研究，7(2)，109-141。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.張佑宗、趙珮如(20060600)。社會脈絡、個人網絡與臺灣2004年立法委員選舉選民的投票抉擇。臺灣民主季刊，3(2)，1-38。new window  延伸查詢new window
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21.徐火炎(19930700)。選民的政黨政治價值取向、政黨認同與黨派投票抉擇：第二屆國大代表選舉選民的投票行為分析。國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學，3(2)，144-166。  延伸查詢new window
22.劉義周(19940500)。臺灣選民政黨形象的世代差異。選舉研究，1(1)，53-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.黃秀端(19950500)。一九九四年省市長選舉選民參與競選活動之分析。選舉研究，2(1)，51-76。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.盛杏湲(20020500)。統獨議題與臺灣選民的投票行為：一九九〇年代的分析。選舉研究，9(1)，41-75。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.傅明穎(19981200)。北市選民的候選人評價與投票決定。臺灣政治學刊，3，195-243。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.吳重禮、許文賓(20030600)。誰是政黨認同者與獨立選民？--以二〇〇一年臺灣地區選民政黨認同的決定因素為例。政治科學論叢，18，101-140。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.徐火炎(19911100)。政黨認同與投票抉擇：臺灣地區選民的政黨印象、偏好與黨派投票行為之分析。人文及社會科學集刊，4(1)，1-57。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.何思因(19920700)。我國選民的政黨偏好。東亞季刊，24(1)，51-62。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.莊天憐(20010500)。我國「獨立選民」的發展與變遷（1989-1999）。選舉研究，8(1)，71-116。new window  延伸查詢new window
30.陳陸輝(19941100)。中國國民黨「黃復興黨部」的輔選效果分析。選舉研究，1(2)，53-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
31.洪永泰(19950500)。分裂投票：八十三年臺北市選舉的實證分析。選舉研究，2(1)，119-145。new window  延伸查詢new window
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33.Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth(1974)。The Spiral of Silence a Theory of Public Opinion。Journal of Communication，24(2)，43-51。  new window
34.吳重禮、李世宏(20050500)。政治賦權、族群團體與政治參與：2001年縣市長選舉客家族群的政治信任與投票參與。選舉研究，12(1)，69-115。new window  延伸查詢new window
35.陳義彥(19961200)。不同族群政治文化的世代分析。政治學報，27，83-121。new window  延伸查詢new window
36.陳義彥、陳陸輝(20040300)。臺灣大學生政治定向的持續與變遷。東吳政治學報，18，1-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
37.崔曉倩、吳重禮(20111000)。年齡與選舉參與：2008年總統選舉的實證分析。調查研究：方法與應用，26，7-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
38.徐火炎(20051200)。認知動員、文化動員與臺灣2004年總統大選的選民投票行為--選舉動員類型的初步探討。臺灣民主季刊，2(4)，31-66。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.王甫昌(19980700)。族群意識、民族主義與政黨支持：一九九○年代臺灣的族群政治。臺灣社會學研究，2，1-45。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.Ulbig, Stacy G.、Funk, Carolyn L.(1999)。Conflict Avoidance and Political Participation。Political Behavior，21(3)，265-282。  new window
41.Abramson, Paul R.(1992)。Social Psychology, Demographic Variables, and Linear Regression: Breaking the Iron Triangle in Voting Research。Political Behavior，14(3)，195-211。  new window
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45.Green, Melanie C.、Visser, Penny S.、Tetlock, Philip E.(2000)。Coping with Accountability Cross-Pressures: Low-Effort Evasive Tactics and High-Effort Quests for Complex Compromises。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，26(11)，1380-1391。  new window
46.Hope, Keith(1975)。Model of Status Inconsistency and Social Mobility Effects。American Sociological Review，40(3)，322-343。  new window
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48.Huckfeldt, Robert R.、Beck, Paul A.、Dalton, Russell J.、Levine, Jeffery、Morgan, William(1998)。Ambiguity, Distorted Messages, and Nested Environmental Effects on Political Communication。The Journal of Politics，60(4)，996-1030。  new window
49.Lavine, Howard(2001)。The Electoral Consequences of Ambivalence toward Presidential Candidates。American Journal of Political Science，45(4)，915-929。  new window
50.McKenzie, Robert(2000)。Audience Involvement in the Epideictic Discourse of Television Talk Shows。Communication Quarterly，48(2)，190-203。  new window
51.Miller, Arthur H.、Wattenberg, Martin P.(1983)。Measuring Party Identification: Independent or No Partisan Preference?。American Journal of Political Science，27(1)，106-121。  new window
52.Mutz, Diana C.(2002)。The Consequence of Cross-Cutting Network for Political Participation。American Journal of Political Science，16(4)，836-855。  new window
會議論文
1.洪永泰(2000)。政治版圖重組：2000年總統選舉的選後評估。2000年選舉研究學術研討會。臺北：國立政治大學選舉研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
2.Wu, Chung-li(2011)。Political Empowerment and Ethnic Attitudes in Taiwan: Governmental Trust in the 2006 Municipal Mayoral Elections。Presented at the 2011 AES International Conference, Daejeon。  new window
研究報告
1.朱雲漢(2008)。2005年至2008年「選舉與民主化調查」四年期研究規劃(III)：2008年立法委員選舉電訪調查 (計畫編號：NSC 96-2420-H-002-025)。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Abramson, Paul R.(1983)。Political Attitudes in America。San Francisco：W.H. Freeman。  new window
2.Miller, Warren E.、Shanks, J. Merrill(1996)。The New American Voters。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Conway, M. Margaret(2000)。Political Participation in the United States。Washington, DC：Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
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6.Knoke, David(1994)。Political Networks: the Structural Perspective。Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Kornberg, Allan、Clarke, Harold D.(1992)。Citizens and Community: Political Support in a Representative Democracy。Cambridge University Press。  new window
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9.Milbrath, Lester W.、Goel, Madan L.(1977)。Political participation: How and why people get involved in politics?。Chicago：Rand McNally College Pub. Co.。  new window
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21.Claussen, Bernhard、Mueller, Horst(1990)。Political Socialization of the Young in East and West。New York：Peter Land。  new window
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24.Hochschild, Jennifer L.(1981)。What’s Fair? American Beliefs about Distributive Justice。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
25.Lazarsfeld, Paul F.、Berelson, Bernard、Gaudet, Hazel(1944)。The People’s Choice: How the Voter Makes up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign (1968)。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
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圖書論文
1.Fiorina, Morris P.(1984)。Explorations of a Political Theory of Party Identification。Controversies in Voting Behavior。Washington, DC：Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
2.Miller, W. E.(1976)。The Cross-National Use of Party Identification As A Stimulus to Political Inquiry。Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
3.黃紀(2000)。質變數之計量分析。政治學的範圍與方法。臺北：五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
4.Converse, Philip E.(1964)。The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics。Ideology and Discontent。Free Press。  new window
5.Budge, Ian、Farlie, Dennis(1976)。A Comparative Analysis of Factors Correlated with Turnout and Voting Choice。Party Identification and Beyond: Representations of Voting and Party Competition, eds. Ian Budge, Ivor Crewe, and Dennis Farlie。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
6.Franklin, Mark N.(2001)。Electoral Participation。Controversies in Voting Behavior。Washington, DC：Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
7.Hochschild, Jennifer L.(1993)。Disjunction and Ambivalence in Citizens’ Political Outlooks。Reconsidering the Democratic Publics。University Park：Pennsylvania State University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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