Resilience is an issue which all education leaders should emphasis on as the principals of the new century are required to overcome difficulties with positivity and optimism as well as knowing how to search for support and help, in order to restore vitality from frustration. The study objects comprised of all junior high schools and elementary schools in Taoyuan City, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Miaoli County. The study drew the following conclusions from the statistical analysis: 1. The resilience scale of the junior high and elementary schools under the construction and development of the study contains excellent reliability and validity. 2. In general, the resilience of junior high and elementary schools is considerably high, in other words the junior high and elementary school principals perform well in overcoming difficulties, positivity and optimism, resource support, and vitality restoration. In particular, the principals demonstrate the best performance in positivity and optimism. 3. The observation of the difference in the resilience of principals with different background in general reveals that different background variables do not show significant difference in the resilience of principals. Nonetheless principles with older age shows significantly higher resilience than younger principals and female principals show better significance in the constructs of positivity and optimism and resource support than male principals. The study proposes suggestions from findings in aforementioned conclusion as reference for educational administrative authorities, education leaders, and educators.