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題名：中等學校教師創造思考、批判思考及其相關因素之研究
書刊名：教育學刊
作者：鄭英耀 引用關係／黃正鵠
出版日期：1995
卷期：11
頁次：頁145-198
主題關鍵詞：中等學校；教師；創造思考；批判思考
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(17) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:68
  • 點閱點閱:82
　　　　　本研究以240名（男145，女95）中學教師為對象，探討中學教師創造思考、批判思考及其相關因素間之關係，主要目的有四：(1)瞭解中學教師創造思考、批判思考之現況；(2)檢證Norris和Ennis良好思考構念；(3)探討教師人口變項、思考經驗、教學背景變項與創造思考、批判思考之關係；(4)探討中學教師思考與教學自我效能、學生控制意識間之關係。 所有受試均接受「華格批判思考量表」、「拓弄思創造思考測驗」（平行線、空罐子兩項活動）、「教學自我效能量表」和「學生控制意識量表」的測量。所得資料經以t檢定、積差相關、ANONVA、MANOVA和典型相關分析，結果顯示： 一、 中學教師之創造思考、批判思考分數較大學生和企業界人士為低。 二、 中學教師創造思考與批判思考二者間幾為零相關，與Norris和Ennis的良好思考構念不相符合。 三、 先在變項與教師思考之關係：(1)創造思考方面：語文精進力，女優於男；圖形精進力，以年齡39歲以下、任教年資15年以下者較佳；曾擔任資優班教學之教師在圖形創造力、語文流暢力和變通力較並。(2)批判思考方面：以年齡39歲以下、任教年資9年以下、曾選修實驗相關課程及在省轄市任教之教師其批判思考較佳。(3)中學教師先在變項與其創造思考、批判思考間具有顯著的典型相關，先在變項可透過三個典型因素解釋教師思考總變異量的12%。 四、 教師思考與教師行為的關係：中學教師創造思考、批判思考與其教學自我效能、學生控制意識的典型相關不顯著。 除此，本研究亦發現批判思考較佳或教學自我效能較高之中學教師，對學生教導態度向採人文監控。 本研究並進一步以徑路分析探討研究架構的適用性，並就職前與在職訓練師範教育制度提出若干建議。
　　　　　This study was to explore the relations between creative thinking, critical thinking and the related factors of secondary school teachers. Its major purposes were: (1) to understand the present situation of creative and critical thinking of secondary school teachers in Taiwan; (2) to ascertain the concept of "A good thinking" proposed by Norris & Ennis in 1989; (3) to investigate the relations between demographic variables, thinking experience, teaching background variables and critical thinking and creative thinking; (4) to investigate the relations between teacher thoughts, teaching self-efficacy and pupil control ideology. The subjects were 240 secondary school teachers (145 male, 95 female). 「Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Form Zm」,「Torrance Test of Creative Thinking」,「Teacher Efficacy Scale」,「Pupil Control Ideology」were administered to the subjects. Data were analyzed by t-test, pearson product-moment correlation, ANOVA, MANOVA and canonical correlation. The main findings of the study were as following: 1. The test score of critical and creative thinking of secondary school teacher was lower than university students' and enterprisers'. 2. The relation between critical thinking and creative thinking were almost zero correlation. This result did not accord with the concept of "A Good Thinking" proposed by Norris and Ennis. 3. The relation between prior variables and teacher thoughts: (a) Creative Thinking: Female was superior to male in verbal elaboration; teachers under 39 years old or 15 years teaching were better in the graphic elaboration; teachers who had taught the gifted class were better in graphic creation, verbal fluency and flexibility. (b) Critical Thinking: Teachers who were under 39 years old or 9 years teaching, had selected experimental related courses or had taught in the city govered by province would be better in critical thinking. (c) There were obvious canonical correlations between prior variables, creative thinking and critical thinking. Prior variables would explain 12% of the total variances of teacher thoughts. 4. The relation between teacher thoughts and teacher behavior: Cannonical correlations between critical thinking, creative thinking and teaching self-efficacy of subjects and pupil control ideology were not significant. Besides, this study also discovered that a better critical thinking and higher teaching self-efficacy teacher of secondary school whose instructive attitude would tend to adopt humanity custodialism.
期刊論文
1.吳靜吉、鄭英耀、王文中(19920800)。華格批判思考量表之修訂。教育與心理研究，15，39-77。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳密桃(19930500)。師範生批判思考的相關因素及其教學效果之分析研究。教育學刊，10，105-158。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Paul, R. W.(1984)。Critical thinking; Fundamental to education for a free society。Educational Leadership，42(1)，4-14。  new window
4.Raina, M. K.、Vats, A.(1979)。Creativity, teaching style and pupil control。Journal of Gifted Child Quarterly，23(4)，807-811。  new window
5.郭生玉(19790600)。教師專業訓練與形式運思功能的識認關係。教育心理學報，12，157-166。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.鄭英耀(19940100)。國小教師思考與學生行為關係之研究。測驗年刊，41，221-239。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Adams, D.、Eann, M.(1989)。Creativity, basic skills and computing: a conceptual intersection with implications for education。The Journal Creative Behavior，23(4)，258-262。  new window
8.Annis, L. F.、Annis, D. B.(1979)。The impact of philosophy on students' critical thinking ability。Contemporary Educational Psychology，4，219-226。  new window
9.Arredondo, D. E.、Marzano, R. J.(1986)。One district's approach to implementing a comprehensive k-12 thinking skills program。Educational Leadership，43(8)，28-30。  new window
10.Beyer, B. K.(1984)。Improving Thinking Skills: Practical Approaches。Phi Delta Kappan，65(8)，556-560。  new window
11.Gallo, D.(1989)。Education for empathy, reason and Imagination。The Journal of Creative behavior，23(2)，98-115。  new window
12.Gipe, J. P.、Richards, J. C.、Levitov, J.、Speaker, R.(1991)。Psychological and personal dimensions of prospective teachers' reflective abilities。Educational and Psychological Measurement，51，913-922。  new window
13.Halpin, G.(1973)。Are creative teachers more humanistic in their pupil control ideologies?。Journal of Creative Behavior，7(4)，282-286。  new window
14.Mohan, M.(1973)。Is there a need for a course in creativity in teacher education。Journal of Creative Behavior，7(3)，175-186。  new window
15.Norris, S. P.(1985)。Synthesis of research on critical thinking。Educational Leadership，42(8)，40-45。  new window
16.Guskey, T. R.(1986)。Context variables that affect measures of teacher efficacy。Journal of Educational Research，81(1)，41-47。  new window
17.Gibson, Sherri D.、Dembo, Myron H.(1984)。Teacher Efficacy: A Construct Validation。Journal of Educational Psychology，76(4)，569-582。  new window
18.Bandura, Albert(1977)。Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change。Psychological Review，84(2)，191-215。  new window
19.Bandura, Albert(1982)。Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency。American Psychologist，37(2)，122-147。  new window
會議論文
1.鄭英耀(1994)。國小教師創造思考、批判思考與教師自我效能、控制意識之關係研究。教育與生涯發展研討會，147-198。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.林生傳(1990)。實習教師困擾與輔導之研究 (計畫編號：NSC 79-0301-H017-02)。高雄：國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.秦夢群(1992)。高中教師管理心態、學生內外控，與學生學習習慣與態度之關係研究 (計畫編號：NSC80-0301-H004-028)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.潘裕豐(1992)。國小批判思考教學效果之實驗研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭英耀(1992)。國小教師創造思考、批判思考及其相關因素之研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學，台北。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.江芳盛(1990)。高雄市國民小學教師批判思考教學行為之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.James, M. H.(1985)。The relationship among creativity, self-actualization, and effectiveness in teaching in selected groups of prospective teachers(博士論文)。East Texas Diversity。  new window
5.Mudrey, J. E.(1971)。Attitude changes and final rating scores of elementary student teachers assigned to supervising teachers with comparable orb conflicting creative personalities(博士論文)。Mississippi State University。  new window
6.孫志麟(1991)。國民小學教師自我效能及其相關因素之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.項必蒂(1991)。師院生學習教育心理學之動機等策略及其相關因素研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學，臺北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Norris, S. P.、Ennis, R. H.(1989)。Evaluating critical thinking。Pacific Grove, CA：Midwest Publications。  new window
2.Arends, R. I.(1989)。Learning to teach。New York：McGraw-Hill, Inc。  new window
3.Gensemer, I. B.(1967)。A study of psychometric measures of creativity and their relationship to field-dependency, teacher proficiency and attitudes。Temple University。  new window
4.Spaulding, S. C.、Kleiner, K. A.(1991)。Factors effecting the critical thinking performance of college on Critical thinking and Educational Reform。Sonoma, CA。  new window
5.Bandura, Albert(1986)。Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory。Prentice-Hall, Inc.。  new window
單篇論文
1.Gillett, A. Y.(1987)。An investigation of critical thinking level and prospective teachers(8729889)。  new window
2.Schaefer, C. F.(1970)。Evaluation of a Program for Developing Creative Thinking in Teachers and Children at the 4th and 5th Grade Levels(ED043049)。  new window
3.鄭英耀(1993)。高中資優生創造思考、批判思考關係之研究。  延伸查詢new window
4.Facione, P. A.(1990)。Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. Research findings and recommendations(No. ED 315423)。  new window
5.Hunt, E. J.，Germain, M. S.(1969)。The critical thinking ability of teachers and its relationship to the teachers classroom verbal behavior and perceptions of teaching purposes(ED 030625)。  new window
6.Martikean, A.(1973)。The levels of questioning and their effects upon student performance above the knowledge level of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives(Ed 091248)。  new window
7.Martin, B. B.(1985)。The implementation of strategies to improve the creative behaviors of prospective preschool teacher(ED 265972)。  new window
其他
1.Franklin, V. L.(1989)。Teacher efficacy and selected organization climate variables in urban school setting (urban school settings)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bareli, J.(1991)。Reflective teaching for thoughtfulness。Developing minds: A resource book for teaching thinking。Virginia：ASCD。  new window
2.Clark, C. M.、Peterson, P. L.(1986)。Teachers' thought processes。Handbook of research on teaching。New York：Macmillan。  new window
 
 
 
 
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