Based on part of the results of my dissertation study, this paper proposed an argument that the characters of the "school knowledge" were not totally illustrated during the two student teachers' social studies teaching because of the "contradict-tion of structure constraint" and the "awareness of subjective consciousness". Furthermore, this paper analyzed how the student teachers' subject conscious-ness functioned to cope with the domination of the social structure, and its implications on the educational innovation in the elementary school.