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題名:Guanxi, Zhongcheng, Competence, and Managerial Behavior in the Chinese Context
書刊名:中華心理學刊
作者:鄭伯壎 引用關係樊景立張慧芳徐瑋伶
作者(外文):Cheng, Bor-shiuanFarh, Larry JiinglihChang, Hui-fangHsu, Wei-ling
出版日期:2002
卷期:44:2
頁次:頁151-166
主題關鍵詞:關係忠誠才能員工分類管理行為GuanxiZhongchengCompetenceEmployee categorizationManagerial behavior
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(20) 博士論文(0) 專書(2) 專書論文(6)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:18
  • 共同引用共同引用:298
  • 點閱點閱:345
近數十年來,華人社會的經濟奇蹟使得組織研究者開始對華人企業的管理與象作方式產生極高的興趣。為了瞭解在複雜競爭的環境下,華人企業組織的領導者如何有效的領導員工與運用人力資源,鄭伯壎(1995)經由多年實務觀察,提出一個員工分類的模式,說明華人領導者會根據部屬的忠誠、才能及部屬與領導者的關係(包括社會連帶與人際情感)將員工加以分類,並進而對不同類別的員工採取相異的管理行為,以激發員工工作動機,提昇組織效能。鄭氏同時也指出,領導者對三種分類標準的著重程度可能是不同的,而導致此三項標準對領導管理行為與上下關係品質具有不同的影響效果。然而,到目前為止,上述論述並未有實徵資料來加以證實。為了補足此項缺口,本文立基於鄭式模型的基礎上,從連續尺度而非二分的角度出發,以實徵資料驗證此三種分類標準與華人組織領導者的管理行為、領導者對部屬的信任、以及部屬之工作和領導滿意度等方面的關聯,並檢驗此三種標準對結果變項之相對預測效果。 發現,忠誠對領導者與部屬二者所評之管理行為,包括仁慈、授權、溝通及體恤,以及領導對部屬的信任均有顯著的預測力;而才能則對領會者所評定的仁慈、授權、溝通、揭露、信任等五種管理行為,以及部屬所評的溝通方面有顯著預測效果;至於關係則只對領導者評定之授權和揭露,以及部屬評量之仁慈、授權、溝通、揭露等方面有顯著結果。此外,在部屬的工作滿意度和領導滿意度上,分析結果顯示忠誠對二者均有顯著預測力,而關係對領導滿意度有預測效果,但才能則對二者的預測均未達顯著。 本研究證明了關係、才能及忠誠對華人企業組織領導者之管理行為與部多之態度反應的確有實質的影響,而且此三種標準對各後果變項的預測效果並不完全相同;相較而言,忠誠關係與才能兩類歸類標準更為重要,此種現象肯定了華人社會角色義務的文化特色。最後,本文討論了本研究結果在領導理論與管理實務上的涵義,並提出未來研究的方向。
Cheng (1995) has argued that Chinese managers often categorize their subordinates into hierarchical groups on the basis of guanxi (social ties and affective exchange), zhongcheng (loyalty to supervisor), and competence; and treat these groups of employees differentially. The purpose of this research is to explore the relative effects of guanxi, zhongcheng, and competence on managerial behavior and quality of dyadic relationship to indirectly provide the empirical evidence for Cheng’s employee categorization model and to substantially illuminate the dynamics of leadership in the Chinese context. Through investigation of 173 leader-subordinate dyads from 6 manufacturing firms, the study showed that guanxi, zhongcheng, and competence were indeed related to several outcome variables such as supervisor’s managerial behaviors, quality of dyadic relationship, and subordinates’ satisfaction to supervision and job. Furthermore, the results suggested that zhongcheng has a more significant and direct effect on most of the outcome variables than guanxi and competence. Implications on leadership research and management in the Chinese context were finally discussed.
期刊論文
1.King, A. Y.(1991)。Kuan-his and network building: A sociological interpretation。Daedalus,120(2),63-84。  new window
2.Gobdel, B. C.、Vecchio, Robert P.(1984)。The Vertical Dyad Linkage Model of Leadership: Problems and Prospects。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,34(1),5-20。  new window
3.Tsui, A. S.、Farh, J. L.、Xin, K.(1997)。Where guanxi matters: Relational demography and guanxi in the Chinese context。Work and Occupations,24(1),56-79。  new window
4.Jacobs, J. B.(1979)。A preliminary model of particularistic ties in Chinese political alliances: Kan-ch’ing and Kuan-hsi in a rural Taiwanese township。The China Quarterly,78(1),237-273。  new window
5.Cashman, J.、Dansereau, F.、Graen, G.、Haga, W. J.(1976)。Organizational Understructure and Leadership: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Managerial Role-Making Process。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,15,278-296。  new window
6.樊景立(19950200)。我對〈差序格局與華人組織行為〉的一些看法。本土心理學研究,3,229-237。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.劉兆明(19950200)。發展性、互動性與包容性:華人組織行為研究的重要觀點。本土心理學研究,3,250-257。  延伸查詢new window
8.Farh, Jiing-Lih、Tsui, Anne S.、Xin, Katherine、Cheng, Bor-Shiuan(1998)。The influence of relational demography and guanxi: The Chinese case。Organization Science,9(4),471-488。  new window
9.Scandura, T. A.、Graen, G. B.(1984)。Moderating effects of initial leader-member exchange status on the effects of a leadership intervention。Journal of Applied Psychology,69(3),428-436。  new window
10.鄭伯壎、林家五(19990500)。差序格局與華人組織行為:臺灣大型民營企業的初步研究。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,86,29-72。  延伸查詢new window
11.鄭伯壎(19950200)。差序格局與華人組織行為。本土心理學研究,3,142-219。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.黃光國(1987)。Face and favor: the Chinese power game。American Journal of Sociology,92(4),944-974。  new window
13.Rempel, John K.、Holmes, John G.、Zanna, Mark P.(1985)。Trust in Close Relationships。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49(1),95-112。  new window
14.Schoorman, F. David、Mayer, Roger C.、Davis, James H.(2007)。An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust: Past, Present, and Future。Academy of Management Review,32(2),344-354。  new window
15.Dansereau, Fred Jr.、Graen, George B.、Haga, William J.(1975)。A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations: A longitudinal investigation of the role making process。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,13(1),46-78。  new window
16.Katerberg, R.、Hom, P. W.(1981)。Effects of Within-Groups and Between-Groups Variation in Leadership。Journal of Applied Psychology,66,218-223。  new window
會議論文
1.鄭伯壎(1996)。Hierarchical structure and organizational behavior in Chinese society: A qualitative approach。臺北。  new window
2.鄭伯壎、Cheng, C. Y.(1997)。Organizational loyalty in Chinese enterprise: Structure and process。臺北。  new window
研究報告
1.鄭伯壎(1993)。家長權威與領導行為關係之探討 (計畫編號:NSC82-0301-H002-029)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.鄭伯壎(1985)。工作取向領導行為與部屬工作績效:補足模式及其驗證(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.陳舜文(1994)。人際關係與爭議解決程序之選擇:由關係性質之組型探討(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北。  延伸查詢new window
3.張慧芳(1995)。領導者與部屬間信任格局的決定要素與行為效果之探討(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.周逸衡(1983)。國人價值體系與台灣企業管理行為關係之研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.陳鎮雄(1997)。Loyalty to Supervisor, Organizational Commitment, And Employee Outcomes: The Chinese Case,Hong Kong。  new window
圖書
1.Redding, S. Gordon、謝婉瑩(2009)。華人資本主義精神。格致出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Hofstede, Geert H.(1980)。Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values。Beverly Hills, California:Sage。  new window
3.Silin, Robert H.(1976)。Leadership and Values: The Organization of Large Scale Taiwanese Enterprises。Harvard University Press。  new window
4.Butterfield, F.(1983)。China: Alive in a bitter sea。China: Alive in a bitter sea。London, UK。  new window
5.Wright, Arthur F.(1962)。Studies in Chinese thought。Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press。  new window
6.楊國樞(1993)。Chinese Social Orientation: An Integrative Analysis。Psychotherapy for the Chinese: Selected Papers from the First International Conference。Hong Kong。  new window
7.金耀基(1989)。「面」、「恥」與中國人行為之分析。中國人的心理。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
8.Lin, C. S.(1988)。Multivariate statistical analysis。Multivariate statistical analysis。Taipei。  new window
9.Schlander, A.、Norman, A.、Redding, S. G.(1993)。The nature of individual attachment o the organization: a review of East Asia variations。Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 4。Palo Alto, CA。  new window
10.Yukl, G.(1994)。Leadership on organizations。Leadership on organizations。Englewood Cliffs, NJ。  new window
其他
1.章英華(19950200)。殊性與共性、關係與集體:讀〈差序格局與華人組織行為〉的隨想。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Graen, George B.、Scandura, Terri A.(1987)。Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing。Research in organizational behavior。JAI Press。  new window
2.鄭伯壎(1988)。家族主義與領導行為。中國人、中國心--人格與社會篇。臺北:遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Graen, G. B.、Cashman, J. F.(1975)。A Role-Making Model of Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Developmental Approach。Leadership Frontiers。Kent State University Press。  new window
4.陳其南(1986)。傳統家族制度與企業組織。婚姻、家族與社會。臺北:允晨文化公司。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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