近年來，香港和上海的教育改革進行得如火如荼，課程改革作為教育改革的核心課題，自然受到了兩地教育界的高度關注。本文首先簡單比較兩地課程改革的脈絡因素，包括兩地的教育、社會、政治、經濟、文化等因素；接著試圖透過兩地所頒布課程改革的部分主要文件，從系統和學校兩個層面中課程決策、課程設計（包括課程理念、目標、概念和結構）、課程實施和課程評鑑四方面，將兩地的課程改革放在同一個框架中進行較深入的分析和比較。比較的結果相信對兩地課程理論的發展和課程實踐的優化應有所增益。

In recent years, both Hong Kong and Shanghai are facing drastic education reforms. Curriculum reform, the essential component of education reform, has obviously drawn much attention of the educational sectors of these two societies. This article compares, in the first section, the contextual factors of the curriculum reforms in these two places, which include educational, social, political, economical, and cultural factors. It goes on to analyze and compare the curriculum reforms of these two societies by means of some of the major reform documents published according to the following four domains at the system and school levels: curriculum decision-making, curriculum design (which include curriculum ideals, goals, concepts and structure), curriculum implementation, and curriculum evaluation. The result of this analysis will hopefully be beneficial to the development of curriculum theory and the improvement of the curriculum implementation in both societies.