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題名:高級職業學校教育經費基本需求及影響因素之研究
作者:林清章
作者(外文):Lin Ching-chang
校院名稱:彰化師範大學
系所名稱:工業教育學系
指導教授:康自立
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:高級職業學校教育經費基本需求教育經費Senior Vocational High Schoolthe Basic Needs of Educational FundsEducational Funds
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本研究旨在探討我國高級職業學校教育經費基本需求和其影響因素,以瞭解高職教育經費基本需求的內涵、現況、影響因素和現存實際問題,並藉以提出建議供有關機關之參考。
為達成前述目的,自編「高級職業學校教育經費基本需求指標相對權重調查問卷」,用以進行各項經費需求指標權重之評估;其次是編訂「高級職業學校教育經費基本需求及影響因素之調查問卷」,蒐集高職教育經費編列現況、相關因素及實際問題。前項經費需求指標相對權重問卷,於初稿編成後,先請多位學者專家審查並依審查意見修訂後,寄請學者專家和高職校長填答後,利用Saaty傳統式AHP分析並評估出各項經費需求指標權重,而獲得我國高職經費基本需求之內涵。第二項高級職業學校教育經費基本需求及影響因素之調查問卷,以台北市、高雄市市立和台灣省轄之國立共計五十二所之單一類科高級職業學校為對象,問卷包括學校整體、校長、教務主任和總務主任等四部分;問卷共回收五十一校,剔除無效問卷及一所家事職校後剩三十六校;然後利用次數百分比分析、平均數及標準差分析、單因子變異數分析、卡方(χ2)考驗和多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法分析考驗各項假設。
具體而言,本研究獲致以下結論:
一、級職業學校教育經費基本需求內涵有六項,依其指標權重高低順序為:學生基本需求、教育品質需求、學校需求、人力資源需求、加強課程需求和學生額外教育需求。
二、高級職業學校近三年(88、89、90年)度實際編列各項基本需求經費,工業類學校明顯高於其他類學校,院轄市學校明顯高於其他地區學校,而大型學校編列之經費明顯高於小型學校。
三、高級職業學校教育經費基本需求之編列,主要受到下列因素之影響:生師比、年級追加、教師平均年齡、學校校齡、建築物經營成本、低教育成就學生、社經地位不利學生、教師與行政人員比率和具有碩士以上學歷教師之比率。
四、高級職業學校校長、教務主任和總務主任等學校主管,對學校各項經費是否充足的看法,並無顯著的差異;但不同地區的學校行政主管對部分項目經費是否充足的看法卻有顯著差異,院轄市行政主管認為經費充足的比率高於其他地區。
五、高級職業學校教育經費面臨的實際問題主要有:政府財源縮減且過於集中於中央主管機關,未依學校校務發展計畫分配足夠的經費給學校,經費的分配較偏向高中、缺乏政策導向的經費分配標準、經費分配未依正常的預算編列方式而採專案補助,以致學校經費嚴重缺乏,無法滿足各項教育需求。
The purpose of this research was to study the basic needs and influence factors of educational funds of vocational high schools in our country. It pointed out the connotations, status quo, influence factors, and extant practical problems of the educational funds in vocational high schools . Then, the researcher made some suggestions for the relative executive institutions as references.
In order to achieve the above goals, the researcher himself made a survey questionnaire about “the relative weighted indicators of the basic needs and influence factors of the educational funds of vocational high schools ”. Therefore, he could make the evaluation of the relative weighted indicators of the different educational funds. Besides, he made another survey questionnaire about “the basic needs and influence factors of the education funds of vocational high schools ”. The researcher collected lots of information about the educational budgets of the current senior vocational high schools, and the relative factors, and the practical problems. This research consisted of two major procedures. On one hand, after the researcher accomplished his initial questionnaire about “the relative weighted indicators of the basic needs and influence factors of the educational funds of vocational high schools ”, he consulted with many experts and scholars in this research field to help revise his questionnaire. Then, the researcher asked many sample scholars, experts, and vocational high school principals to help fill in the questionnaires. Finally, the researcher applied Saaty’s traditional AHP theory to analyze and evaluate the weighted indicators of the different educational funds. Thence, he obtained the connotations of the basic needs and influence factors of the educational funds of vocational high schools in our country. On the other hand, the researcher used another questionnaire about “the basic needs and influence factors of the educational funds of vocational high schools ” to survey fifty-two sample national senior vocational high schools around the island (including the Taipei and Kaohsiung municipal vocational high schools.) The questionnaires were distributed into four main categories of sample participants, inclusive of the school faculty, the principal, the dean of academic studies, and the chief of general affairs. The researcher got back fifty-one sample vocational high schools’ respondent questionnaires, but he got thirty-six valid sample vocational high schools’ respondent questionnaires. In order to find out the major findings, the researcher used many statistical methods such as fluency, percentile rank, arithmetic average mean, criterion deviation, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square Test to analyze the data and test his hypotheses.
In conclusion, the following are the major findings of this study:
1. According to the relative weighted indicators, the connotations of the basic needs of the educational funds of the vocational high schools in our country are as follows: students’ basic needs, educational quality needs, school needs, human resource needs, enhancing curriculum needs, and students’ extra-education needs.
2. In the current three years(1999,2000,2001), the annual educational funds budgets of the industrial high schools are obviously higher than those of other senior vocational high schools. Besides, the annual educational funds budgets of the municipal vocational high schools are also apparently higher than those of other district schools. The researcher also found out that the large schools also had higher educational funds budgets than those of other smaller ones.
3. The budgets of the basic needs of the educational funds of the vocational high schools are mostly affected by the following factors: the proportion between students and teachers, the weighted students, the average age of teachers, the age of the school, the management capital of the structures, low learning achievement students, students’ unfavorable social status, the proportion between teachers and school executives, and the proportion of the teachers qualified with master’s degree or above.
4. There are no obviously different opinions about “whether the school budgets are adequate or not” from most school faculties, principals, deans of academic studies, and chiefs of general affairs. But school executives from different districts have obviously different opinions about it. The municipal executives thought their rates of the adequate educational funds are higher than those of others.
5. The major problems of most senior vocational school educational funds are, for instance, that our government reduced its financial resources and centralized in the central authorities. And the central authorities weren’t based on each school’s school affairs developing blueprint to distribute the sufficient educational funds to each school. Besides, most educational funds were favorably distributed to senior high schools. The distribution of educational funds was lack of policy orientation. Instead of distributing according to the normal estimated budgets, the educational authorities tended to adopt the special case supplement. Therefore, a lot of schools were seriously short on educational funds, and couldn’t satisfy their various educational needs.
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