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題名：評核者人格特質與評核行為之關係研究─評核者策略考量觀點
作者：夏榕文
作者(外文)：JUNG-WEN HSIA
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：商學研究所
指導教授：戚樹誠
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：績效評核；人格特質；調高評分行為；緊縮評分行為；評核動機；performance appraisal；appraisal motive；personality trait；rating inflation；rating deflation
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績效評核是組織重要的控制機能之一，評核的結果通常會影響組織有關調薪、昇遷、獎懲、裁員、訓練、以及發展等重要的人事決策。評核人員在評核過程中扮演著重要角色，本研究期望瞭解個人因素中的人格因素與評核動機因素如何影響評核者的評核調分行為。在人格特質與評核調分行為的關係上，研究者除了採用Allport(1961)的人格理論外，並參考以下理論，如：角色理論、歸因理論、需求理論、以及華人的重要心理與行為(如面子、他人取向等概念)來選擇與評核調分行為有關的人格特質變項，探討這些人格特質如何影響評核者的評分結果。此外，本研究並探討評核者人格特質如何經由評核動機的影響下，調整受評者的評核分數。
研究者在整理相關文獻與訪談五位企業評核主管後，提出本研究架構及研究假說。研究者經由問卷預試後，再正式寄發問卷給502位民營企業主管，並回收351份有效問卷。研究結果可分成直接效果與中介效果的檢定結果，在直接效果方面，主要有以下幾個研究結論：1.評核者有愈高的自我監控傾向、面子傾向、外控傾向、或和善傾向，愈可能有調高評分行為。2.評核者有愈高的權威的侵略性傾向，則愈可能有緊縮評分行為。3.評核者有愈高的責任感傾向，則愈不會出現調高評分行為。另外，在中介變項方面，主要有以下幾個研究結論：1.評核者有愈高的面子傾向、外控傾向、或和善傾向，則愈容易出現寬大為懷的評核動機，並因而有調高評分的行為。2.評核者有愈高的和善傾向或面子傾向。則愈容易出現提攜後進的評核動機，並因而有調高評分行為。3.評核者有愈高的外控傾向、和善傾向、或面子傾向，則愈容易出現顧慮當事人背景的評核動機，並因而有調高評分的行為。4.評核者有愈高的權威性的侵略傾向，則愈容易出現施壓的評核動機，並因而有緊縮評分行為。本文並對於管理實務及未來可能的研究方向提出建議。
Performance appraisals are important human resource management tools and have been used as inputs to salary adjustments, promotions, disciplines, trainings, and other decisions that influence employees in organizations. Raters play important roles in the performance appraisal process. This study utilized performance appraisal as research context and examined the relationship between raters’ personality traits, their motives and their rating-adjustment behaviors. Besides, researcher also examined how raters’ motives mediate the relationship between raters’ personality traits and their rating-adjustment behaviors.
Managers from private organizations were sampled and 351 effective responses were received. Results indicated that: (1) Raters who were high in degrees of self-monitoring, face, external locus of control, or agreeableness had more rating-inflation behaviors. (2) Raters who were high in degrees of authoritarian aggression had more rating-deflation behaviors. (3) Raters who were high in degrees of responsibility had fewer rating-inflation behaviors. (4) Raters who were high in degrees of external locus of control, face, or agreeableness had more motive for forgiving ratees, and then had more rating-inflation behaviors. (5) Raters who were high in degrees of face, or agreeableness had more motive for helping ratees, and then had more rating-inflation behaviors. (6) Raters who were high in degrees of external locus of control, face, or agreeableness had more motive for concerning the backgrounds of ratees, and then had more rating-inflation behaviors. (7) Raters who were high in degrees of authoritarian aggression had more motive for oppressing ratees, and then had more rating- deflation behaviors.
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