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題名:使命式合作學習的企業家精神、學習策略與活動表現之研究
作者:石岳峻
作者(外文):Yueh-Chun Shih
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:資訊管理學系研究所
指導教授:陳年興
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:企業家精神活動表現自我調整學習學習策略使命式學習活動Mission-based Learning ActivitiesLearning StrategySelf-Regulated LearningEntrepreneurshipPerformance
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本研究在「複雜問題學習」模式下,發展一種新的學習活動類型─「使命式學習活動」,其主要研究目的有二:(1) 建立使命式學習活動之設計準則。(2) 分析學生組隊參與使命式學習活動時的小組企業家精神、學習策略與活動表現三者之間的關係。
對於使命式學習活動之設計準則的建立,本研究則採用Keller ARCS 模型的設計精神,再加入使命式學習活動的特性,提出六項要素來架構使命式學習活動中使命的設計準則,這六項要素分別為:(1) 激發動機,捨我其誰(Commitment) (2) 願意冒險,挑戰使命(Risk-taking) (3) 堅持到底,達成使命(Persistence) (4) 自我接納,正向歸因(Positive Self-talk) (5) 自我反思,檢討過程(Self-reflection) 自我改進,提出方案(Self-improvement)
本研究依照所提之使命式學習活動設計準則,實際在K12數位學校(http://ds.k12.edu.tw/)上設計與舉辦兩項不同類型的使命式學習活動─「百家姓溯源」與「統一發票探索」活動。並視全程參與使命式學習活動的小組為有效樣本,採多重個案分析法,以語幹分析參與小組所撰寫的活動心得報告,得到小組企業家精神與學習策略類目的出現次數,視小組正確繳交的使命個數為活動表現,以單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析、成對T檢定、對應性分析、迴歸分析與判別分析,進行小組企業家精神、學習策略與活動表現三者之間的相關性分析。
研究發現兩項活動皆顯示具競爭積極性特質的參賽小組其學習策略偏好為行動控制,小組之競爭積極性較高其活動表現也較高。此外,小組參加統一發票探索活動時,當小組之競爭積極性與自主性較高其活動表現也較高。本研究進一步發現參與小組之學習策略與活動表現的關係會受到使命式學習活動類型的影響。也就是當小組參與強調主題知識深度的「百家姓溯源」活動時,小組訊息處理策略運用較多,其活動表現也較高;如果是參與強調主題知識廣度的「統一發票探索」活動,結果顯示小組行動控制策略運用較多,其活動表現較高。
本研究因此具體建議建議教師從事設計使命式學習活動時,若是偏重主題知識深度的設計,就應注意學生在訊息處理方面的能力;若是偏重主題知識廣度的設計,就應注意學生在行動控制方面的能力。活動進行階段,教師應輔以心理層面的鷹架,以強化小組學生在行動控制上的策略運用,並鼓勵小組在活動過程中要多一些自主性的參與。
本研究亦由參與小組的心得中驗證,使命式學習活動事實上能有效解決以往實施「複雜問題學習」所遭遇到的學習資源與時間不足的問題,並能成功地將傳統教室學習、社會環境學習與網路學習三者整合在一起,營造出一個「時時在學習、處處可學習」的學習環境。
The aim of this thesis is to explore a brand new learning activity named Mission-based Learning (MBL), which is based on the Complex Problem Learning. Two research objectives are to develop the designing principles for MBL and to analyze the relationship among entrepreneurship, learning strategy and performance while learners participating Mission-based learning activities in groups.
According to the concept of ARCS model proposed by Keller, we developed six designing principles for MBL activities; they are (1) Commitment (2) Risk-taking (3) Persistence (4) Positive Self-talk (5) Self-reflection and (6)_ Self-improvement.
According to the designing principles we developed, we designed and conducted two real MBL activities, “Searching and Backtracking of Chinese Family Names” and “Unified Invoice” using the K12 digital school (http://ds.k12.edu.tw/). We adopted all the student groups that participated MBL activities from the beginning to the end as valid samples. Then we took the whole participated groups as valid samples and analyzed their narratives by content analysis. We explored the relationship among entrepreneurship, learning strategy and performance for groups participating in Mission-based learning activities.
Our study has found that the participated groups with competitive aggressiveness would favore adopting action control as learning strategy in doing the two MBL activities. We also found that the participated groups with higher competitive aggressiveness would have a higher performance in two MBL activities. Moreover, we found that the relationship between learning strategy and performance would be affected by different orientations of MBL activities. The participated groups with good adaptation of information-processing strategy will show a higher performance in knowledge-deep oriented MBL activities. And the participated groups with good adaptation of action control strategy will show a higher performance in knowledge-wide oriented MBL activities.
To effectively applying MBL activity, some suggestions are provided for teachers. (1) Participating groups should be well-informed the meaning and spirit of MBL activities before their participation. (2) All groups should be working independently and autonomously by minimizing teacher’s intervention. (3) In order to strengthen the action control strategies of participated groups, adequate psychological scaffolding should be provided by teachers during groups participated in MBL.
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