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題名:諮商師於諮商經驗中關鍵事件的研究-詮釋學的觀點
作者:范幸玲 引用關係
作者(外文):Shing-Ling Fan
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商研究所
指導教授:卓紋君
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:關鍵事件諮商經驗諮商師發展詮釋學critical incidentscounseling experiencescounselor developmenthermeneutics
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 點閱點閱:70
摘要
本研究主要目的在於探索:關鍵事件的主題、關鍵事件對於諮商師的影響、關鍵事件與其背景脈絡的相關性、以及進一步了解諮商師個人與專業成長之改變的歷程。研究者基於詮釋學觀點,以諮商經驗中的關鍵事件為管道,分別與四位諮商師進行4-5次訪談,並以詮釋循環以及辯證式對話歷程為主要詮釋的方法。
本研究之詮釋分成兩個階段,訪談對話中的詮釋以及針對文本的詮釋。所建構出的關鍵事件故事,其本身並非結束,而是留待與讀者相會時,再次去建構另一個對話互動之後的詮釋。以下為本研究的重要發現。
一、四位諮商師所描述的關鍵事件中,有的是單一事件,有的則是針對一系列事件的感 受。關鍵事件的內容都來自於諮商師與當事人的互動關係中,所引發之諮商師的情緒、感受與想法。關鍵事件的主題,都與諮商師之人際模式、處事態度、個人議題以及個人信念有所關連。
二、透過對於關鍵事件的檢視與省思歷程,諮商師個人一些原本的人際模式、信念、以及態度都會有所調整與修正。這些改變不單是影響了其與當事人的互動關係,也會延伸到其日常生活與家庭生活之中。
三、探索關鍵事件中,觸及到諮商師個人的議題,都與其背景脈絡有直接之相關性。諮商師個人之原生家庭結構和系統,幼年時與其父母的互動關係,以及成長過程中的人際模式對於他們進入諮商領域的選擇以及與當事人的互動關係有相當程度的影響。另外,諮商師個人的社會文化背景以及信念與價值觀也會影響到其諮商的方式與理念。
四、這四位諮商師所呈現出來的生命特質都是獨特的,其改變與成長的歷程也各有不同;但是促成這四位諮商師正向改變與成長的共同因素為:
(一)能夠覺察到自己生活中,或是與當事人互動關係中的一些矛盾情結、困境或是大小風暴。
(二)願意停下腳步,面對、接觸、檢視、反思與處理生命中或是專業中的矛盾情結、困境或是大小風暴,繼而從負向經驗中學習與成長。
(三)覺察以及辨識自己不合理或是不適合的前概念,並且逐步加以修正,因此得以進入到一個正向與成長的循環過程,並沒有落入舊有之模式甚至一個原地踏步的循環。
(四)沒有固著於僵化的自我系統中,願意走出自己個人或是專業的視域或是立足點,試圖理解他人的視域,不斷地擴展與整合自己的視域,與他人建立真實與真誠的互動關係,甚至達到另一個階段的新理解或是新視域。
(五)雖然沒有專業者之引導,但是卻有堅韌的成長動機,可以從多種管道獲得學習,並且不斷地整合其實務經驗、個人生活與生命經驗,朝向更為一致性的個人與專業風格以及試圖發展出更為真實與誠摯的專業自我。
(六)在其各自的信仰與靈性層面中追求其生命的意義與價值,也以其信仰為其成長之能量與源頭,而能繼續其生命與專業的進展,貫徹其助人的理念與道路。
五、本研究之訪談對話歷程與詮釋結果乃是研究者與諮商師共同建構而成的,所以不單是受到了雙方背景脈絡和互動關係之影響,也對雙方造成不同程度的影響。研究者也發現,訪談中,共同建構的層次愈高,則愈容易與諮商師們達到視域的融合,相反地,共同建構的層次愈低,則不單是不容易達到視域的融合,而且研究者的詮釋結果,也容易受到不適當之前見所影響。下面以三點來摘要說明本研究對於互動關係的觀點:
(一)任何兩個人之間的對話都是兩個系統間的交互作用。
(二)共同建構歷程會因著不同的互動關係而有不同層次之呈現。
(三)對話雙方越能夠有真實性的接觸,則共同建構層次越高,也越容易達到視域的融合。
本研究以個人諮商經驗的議題與反思為起點,因此研究的最後也回到研究者對於本身的理解與詮釋。另外,針對以上研究結果,本研究也對於諮商實務工作者、國內諮商師繼續教育、以及未來相關研究提出一些建議。
Abstract
Based on the hermeneutic approach, the main purpose of this research was to explore the critical incidents in four participants’ counseling experiences. Participants were four counselors who had at least five years’ practical experiences in the counseling field. Four to five interviews were conducted with each participant in order to collect in-depth information. Hermeneutic circle and the dialectic process were the main interpretive methods used both in the understanding of the interviews and the text.
The findings of this research were as follow:
1. According to the description of the four counselors, the critical incident includes a clearly recalled single event, an amalgam of incidents of similar type, or a summarizing of their overall experiences. The themes of critical incidents are all related with counselors’ personal issues, including relating styles and personal beliefs.
2. Most counselors would adjust or change their relating styles, attitudes and beliefs through the process of examining and reflecting critical incidents in counseling. Thus, critical incidents could have a significant impact not only on counselors’ counseling relationships, but also on their personal relationships and family life.
3. Counselors inevitably brought their personal feelings and issues into the therapeutic relationship, so that their relating styles in the family of origin, past experiences, values and beliefs would influence their interactions with clients.
4. For these four counselors, the main reasons for their personal and counseling development were as following:
1) They could face and reflect upon their own difficulties and frustration. Thus, they can not only survive but also grow from their experiences.
2) They could integrate their practical experiences, life experiences and personal maturation.
3) They had a strong motivation to grow, were willing to step out of their own horizons and desired to have a more authentic relationship with themselves and with others.
5. There was dialectic or mutual influence between the researcher and the participants. Therefore, interpretation was always conditioned and influenced by the context and the horizon of both parts.
Based on the findings, some suggestions were made.
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