執誰之手：台灣教育婚姻配對的社會學分析__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	執誰之手：台灣教育婚姻配對的社會學分析
作者：	巫麗雪
作者(外文)：	Wu, Lihsuehwu
校院名稱：	東海大學
系所名稱：	社會學系
指導教授：	蔡瑞明
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2012
主題關鍵詞：	教育婚姻配對；擇偶過程；擇偶時機；擇偶方式；接觸場合；介紹人；家庭背景；婚姻；educational assortative mating；process of mating；timing of mating；ways of mating；settings of contact；matchmaker；family background；marriage
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:218

婚姻不全然是個人的自由選擇，因為配偶的選擇過程涉及很多社會的因素。對社會階層研究而言，婚姻是理解社會階層結構的關鍵指標，因為來自兩個家庭所建構的婚姻關係涉及社會資源的維持與流動。本論文以台灣社會的教育婚姻配對模式為討論議題，利用多年「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查計畫」的資料建構婚姻趨勢的檔案資料，藉此分析台灣自1991年至2007年間的教育同質婚的變遷趨勢。本論文也檢視個人及家庭透過擇偶過程影響教育婚姻配對的因果機制，探究擇偶者在本身資本存量的利基/限制下，面對擇偶過程中的機會結構所賦予的限制與機會時所展現的婚姻選擇行為。在分析上述議題方面，本文運用「華人家庭動態資料庫」1999年主樣本調查、「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第四期第二次與以及第五期第二次家庭組調查、與1991年「台灣社會意向調查」的資料，使用多類別邏輯迴歸分析。
首先，本論文發現，雖然台灣社會近二十年來在政治、經濟、社會、教育等面向經歷重要的變化，然而教育同質婚的整體趨勢在1991~2007年間沒有明顯的變化。教育層級中的最高教育者是社會中最封閉的團體，但是他們的教育通婚機會受到高等教育擴張政策的影響，教育異質婚的機會在1996-1997至2006-2007之間有明顯的提升。第二，本論文發現，結婚時機與擇偶時機明顯改變擇偶者所面對的婚姻市場的教育組成，而且此現象對於擁有大專學歷的擇偶者是更明顯的；然而，處於最低層級的教育群體因其在婚姻市場的劣勢情境，其通婚的機會將隨著結婚時機、擇偶時機的延遲而逐漸降低。
第三，本論文發現教育制度作為一種婚姻市場的重要性，教育制度為現代社會中的人們提供一個發展親密關係的環境，使得求學中的男女學生受限於教育制度下的人口組成而降低發展教育異質婚的機會，其中又以高等教育制度的影響力量最為明顯。此外，本文也發現介紹人雖然有助於擴展個人的擇偶圈範圍，但更深入的分析顯示，介紹人的分析結果不支持弱連帶優勢的論點，而是反映社會文化對教育婚配模式的偏好。此外，更重要的是介紹人的教育成就可以成為擇偶者向上流動的路徑。
最後，本論文發現父親、母親對子女的配偶選擇的影響具有不同的社會意涵，父親教育主要扮演促進子女向上通婚的橋梁，而母親多半擔任避免子女向下結婚的家庭地位守護者；同時本論文也發現女性比男性容易從父母的教育成就得益，男性在婚姻市場的優勢地位更需要依賴個人成功的代間流動。另外，本論文也發現，擇偶者對配偶選擇的自主權、或是擇偶者父母參與配偶選擇的程度，是隨著擇偶者自身所擁有的資本存量（例如，教育、教育流動）與父母具有的教育資本而變動，其中結婚年齡是影響擇偶者與其父母在擇偶過程中權力消長的重要因素。本文同時發現，父母教育程度越高，越傾向賦與子女婚姻選擇的自主權。然而，此舉並未降低子女教育同質婚的機會，此發現與過去研究習慣性推論父親教育越高越傾向透過限制子女的配偶選擇以達到鞏固家庭地位的說法，有所不同。

以文找文

Marriage is not solely a personal choice, which is related to many social factors. Nevertheless, the pattern of marriages is a key indicator to understanding the process of social stratification. The marriage relationships built by members from two different families relate to the preservation and transmission of social resources. The main purpose of this dissertation aims to explore the pattern of the educational homogeneity marriage (homogamy) in Taiwan. With the data collected by the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), this dissertation investigates the trends of the educational assortative mating from 1990 to 2007 in Taiwan. This study focuses on the mechanisms of how individuals and families affect the outcomes of educational assortative mating through the process of mating. The analysis of the mechanisms takes into account the situations of mate choosers who are embedded in the opportunity structures in the process of mating. In order to analyze the above issues, this dissertation utilizes the multinomial regression analysis with data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) of 1999, data from waves 4-2 and 5-2 of the TSCS, and data from the Taiwan Social Image Survey in 1991.
The results from this dissertation indicate that the trends of the educational homogenous marriage do not vary significantly in the past two decades in Taiwan. However, the likelihood of intermarriages for people with a bachelor degree becomes significantly lower after the expansion of higher education. Except for those with the lowest education, the findings support the marriage search theory, that is, the later for two people to get married, the less likely they would have similar educational background, especially for those with a college degree. The opportunities to cross the educational boundary for the lowest educational strata tend to decrease with a delay of getting married.
Furthermore, this dissertation examines the effects of institutions in the educational assortative mating through various ways of mating, settings of contact, types of matchmakers and their own social status. My analysis shows that schooling campus provides a fine place for educational assortative mating, and the effects are more salient for those with higher education. In addition, the matchmakers do help expand the scope of mating pool, and matchmaker’s education increases the chance for mate choosers to marry upward. However, the conventional social norms still play an important role as the standards of matching. Further analysis of the matchmakers does not support the hypothesis of the advantage of weak ties, but a reflection of social preference of educational assortative mating. The peer groups of mate choosers from higher educational strata will enhance the likelihood of homogamy, but such phenomenon does not appear in the group from lower educational strata.
By examining the parental effects on the pattern of the educational assortative mating, this study finds that father’s education works as a bridge to help daughter move upward through marriage, while mother’s education is to preserve the status of the family. Gender also influences the effects of family background on educational assortative mating. Daughters get more benefit from family backgrounds than sons do. The analytical results show that the autonomy of marriage varies with mate choosers’ capital stock and parent’s educational capital. Age of getting married is the key factor to determine the variation of the power of mate chooser’s autonomy and parental involvement. As a mate chooser, the higher one’s educational level is, the more autonomy one will have. However, higher parents’ educational level does not result in the decrease of the degree of homogamy, a result which is different from the conventional argument that parents with higher educational level tend to use marriage as a mean to protect the family’s status.

以文找文

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