Li Zhi was a celebrated thinker of heresy in the Late-Ming Dynasty. He was a controversial figure during his lifetime or after his death. The orthodox neo-Confucian scholars sternly denounced him, but in the May-Fourth Period time, he was considered an iconoclast and an anti-traditionalism. Therefore, the majority scholars neglected: Li Zhi was educated in traditional Confucian classics and he claimed himself to be a “true Confucian”. Li Zhi’s “Tongixn shuo” that was the core concepts of hs learning should be regarded the succession and development from the Wang Yang-ming’s philosophy of the mind, but many scholars presupposed his “Tongxin Shuo” to be the desire-emancipation theory. This study re-observes Li Zhi and this “Tongxin Shuo” and re-examines its meaning. Then we try to explain: His anti-traditionalism was an introduction to liberal treatment of Confucianism. On the other hand, he advocated “true mind” that cannot be considered the desire-emancipation theory. On the contrary, it was a thinking about morality of autonomy.