日治時期台灣詩社林立，是台灣文學史上的特殊現象，其中以台北瀛社、台中櫟社、台南南社最具代表性，被合稱為「台灣三大詩社」，其領導者分別是台灣各地的社會菁英與仕紳，不論在傳播媒體或文化界，他們往往具有相當高的知名度與影響力。其中瀛社、櫟社的活動都延續到戰後，瀛社迄今仍持續運作，而櫟社則大約在1960年代逐漸式微，兩社之發展及興衰，與台灣近百年來政治、社會、文化環境的變遷因素息息相關。由於台灣文學研究日受重視，瀛社與櫟社近年分別由國家文化單位主辦「紀念成立百年學術研討會」，筆者有感於此，乃以「百年風騷，誰主浮沉？－20世紀台灣兩大傳統詩社：瀛社與櫟社之對照觀察」為題，就這兩大詩社的創社背景、組織特質、往來互動、活動樣貌、發展歷程、盛衰因素等，進行多重角度的對照觀察，以進一步理解日治到戰後台灣傳統詩社的特質，及其與20世紀台灣社會、文化環境的關係。

During Japanese colonial period, there was a prosperous development of traditional poetic organizations in Taiwan, which marked an extraordinary phenomenon in Taiwan's literary arena. Among these poetic organizations, there were three remarkable ones established in the northern, middle and southern Taiwan, the names of which were ”Ying”, ”Li” and ”Nan” respectively. Owing to their high reputation, they were referred to as ”Three Main Poetic Organizations in Taiwan” whose leaders and members were usually known as elites and the gentry. Among fields of media, culture and politics, these people basically had their fame and influence. Literary activities of ”Ying” and ”Li” were still held frequently even after WWII. ”Ying” still operates till now, but literary activities in ”Li” declined gradually during the 60's. The rise and fall of these two poetic organizations demonstrated various factors resulting in transformations of politics, society, and culture for nearly a hundred year in Taiwan.Due to more and more emphasis laid on the study of Taiwan literature and history, National Museum of Taiwan Literature had held symposiums about ”The Memorial Conference on the One Hundred Year Anniversary of ”Li” poetic organization” and ”The Memorial Conference on the One Hundred Year Anniversary of ”Ying” poetic organization” respectively in recent years, discussing these two poetic organizations with different aspects, which affected the author to focus on the topic, ”Two Traditional Poetic Organizations in Taiwan in Twentieth Century: The Comparison and Contrast between ”L” and ”Ying.” The author tried to compare and contrast ”Li” with ”Ying” through their foundation backgrounds, organizational characteristics, mutual interactions, types of literary activities, process of developments, and factors of their rise and fall. Based on these multiple analysis and observations, the author aimed to have deeper understanding of the characteristics of traditional poetic organizations in Taiwan from Japanese colonial period to postwar years and their relations with Taiwan society and cultural environment.