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題名：問題本位學習對四年級學童的問題解決與批判思考之影響
書刊名：科學教育學刊
作者：楊坤原 引用關係／陳建樺／張賴妙理
作者(外文)：Yang, Kun-yuan／Chen, Jian-hua／ChangLai, Miao-li
出版日期：2011
卷期：19:3
頁次：頁185-209
主題關鍵詞：批判思考；問題本位學習；問題解決；Critical thinking；Problem-based learning；Problem solving
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:70
  • 點閱點閱:52
本研究旨在探討問題本位學習對四年級學童的問題解決與批判思考能力之影響，了解實驗組學童在問題本位學習(Problem-Based Learning, PBL)歷程這二項能力的實際表現。本研究選取桃園縣一所小學四年級四個班的學生為樣本，隨機將二班作為實驗組(65人)實施PBL，二班為控制組(65人)接受講述為主的教學。由兩組學生在「新編問題解決測驗」與「康乃爾批判思考測驗(X級)」前後測的統計分析顯示，實驗組的後測得分均顯著高於前測得分(p < .010)且實驗組學童的後測得分均顯著優於控制組(p < .050)。可見PBL能促進學童的問題解決與批判思考能力。各種質性資料分析發現，實驗組學童在PBL結構模糊問題情境的驅使與「解題規劃表」的輔助下，均能透過腦力激盪從多種角度提出導致問題的各種可能原因和解決問題的可行方法，並能反省其在自行設計實驗與決定學習議題所遭遇的失敗或困難而提出可能的克服之道。他們在收尋多種來源的資料後，能主動透過請教他人來確認這些資料的可靠性，也能由資料整理所獲得的科學知識來進行演繹推論。這些結果也反映出PBL可促進學童的問題解決和批判思考能力。
The purposes of this study were to investigate problem solving and critical thinking of fourth-grade students who were given Problem-Based Learning (PBL) instruction compared to students who were given a more traditional non-PBL instruction. Four classes of students were selected from a public elementary school in Tau-Yuan county and classes were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 65) and two control groups (n = 65) to implement PBL and lecture-based teaching respectively. The groups of students were tested by the Test of Problem-Solving, Cornell Critical Thinking Test (Level X) and the results from paired t-tests showed that the means of posttests in these two tests for experimental group students were significantly better than those of pretests (p < .010). One-way analysis of covariance found significant differences between the means of posttests in these two tests for experimental group students and control groups (p < .050). These findings suggested that PBL promoted the problem solving and critical thinking abilities of fourth graders. Evidence derived from the qualitative data analysis found that the experimental groups brainstormed the various causes of problems and exercisable problem-solving methods according to the problem scenarios. They reflected how to improve and resolve the difficulties they suffered when designing experiments and determining learning issues. They also actively confirm the reliability of the data collected from different sources and made deductive reasoning based upon the data. These findings suggested PBL was beneficial for fourth graders to develop their competency of problem solving and critical thinking.
期刊論文
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3.Semerci, N.(2006)。The effect of problem-based learning on the critical thinking of students in the intellectual and ethical development。Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal，34(9)，1127-1136。  new window
4.Gallagher, Shelagh A.、Stepien, W. J.、Rosenthal, H.(1992)。The Effects of Problem-based Learning on Problem Solving。Gifted Child Quarterly，36(4)，195-200。  new window
5.Dolmans, D. H. J. M.、de Grave, W. S.、Wolfhagen, I. H. A. P.、van der Vleuten, C. P. M.(2005)。Problem-based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research。Medical Education，39(7)，732-741。  new window
6.Barrows, Howard S.(2002)。Is it truly possible to have such a thing as dPBL?。Distance Education，23(1)，119-122。  new window
7.Kirschner, P. A.、Sweller, J.、Clark, R. E.(2006)。Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching。Educational Psychologist，41(2)，75-86。  new window
8.Ram, P.(1999)。Problem-based learning in undergraduate education。Journal of Chemical Education，76(8)，1122-1126。  new window
9.毛連塭、吳清山、陳麗華(19920900)。康乃爾批判思考測驗修訂報告。初等教育學刊，1，1-28。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Facione, Peter A.、Sánchez, Carol A.、Facione, Noreen C.、Gainen, Joanne(1995)。The disposition toward critical thinking。The Journal of General Education，44(1)，1-25。  new window
11.楊坤原、張賴妙理(20050600)。問題本位學習的理論基礎與教學歷程。中原學報，33(2)，215-235。  延伸查詢new window
12.黃萬居(20040300)。問題導向生活化國小自然與生活科技教學模組發展及學習成效研究。臺北市立師範學院學報. 人文藝術類社會科學類科學教育類，35(1)，187-210。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Hmelo-Silver, C. E.、Barrows, H. S.(2006)。Goals and strategies of a problem-based learning facilitator。Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning，1(1)，21-39。  new window
14.Savery, John R.(2006)。Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions。Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning，1(1)，9-20。  new window
15.黃茂在、陳文典(20041000)。「問題解決」的能力。科學教育月刊，273，21-41。  延伸查詢new window
16.Ahern-Rindell, A. J.(1999)。Applying inquiry-based and cooperative group learning strategies to promote critical thinking。Journal of College Science Teaching，28(3)，203-207。  new window
17.Burris, S.、Garton, B. L.(2007)。Effect of instructional strategy on critical thinking and content knowledge : Using problem-based learning in the secondary classroom。Journal of Agricultural Education，48(1)，106-116。  new window
18.D'Zurilla, T. J.、Nezu, A. M.(1987)。The Heppner and Krauskopf approach : A model of personal problem solving or social skills?。Counseling Psychologist，15(3)，463-470。  new window
19.DeRoche, S. J. K.(2006)。An adventure in problem-based learning。Phi Delta Kappan，87(9)，705-708。  new window
20.Dolmans, D. H. J. M.、Schmidt, H. G.(2006)。What do we know about cognitive and motivational effects of small group tutorials in problem-based learning?。Advances in Health Sciences Education，11(4)，321-336。  new window
21.Embry, R. L.(2001)。Critical thinking skills in the high school science classroom。Hoosier Science Teacher，26(3)，77-82。  new window
22.Hmelo, C. E.、Gotterer, G. S.、Bransford, J. D.(1997)。A theory-driven approach to assessing the cognitive effects of PBL。Instructional Science，25(6)，387-408。  new window
23.曾婉宜、楊坤原(2008)。問題本位學習對學生學習成效的影響 : 統合分析。數學與科學教育，4，1-13。  延伸查詢new window
24.Hung, D.(2002)。Situated cognition and problem-based learning : Implications for learning and instruction with technology。Journal of Interactive Learning Research，13(4)，393-414。  new window
25.Schmidt, H. G.、Loyens, S. M. M.、Van Gog, T.、Paas, F.(2006)。Problem-based learning is compatible with human cognitive architecture : Commentary on Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006)。Educational Psychologist，42(2)，91-97。  new window
26.Smith, C. A.、Powell, S. C.、Wood, E. J.(1995)。Problem-based learning and problem-solving skills。Biochemical Education，23(3)，149-152。  new window
27.Svinicki, M. D.(2007)。Moving beyond "it worked" : The ongoing evolution of research on problem-based learning in medicine education。Educational Psychology Review，19(1)，49-61。  new window
28.Tan, O.-S.(2007)。Problem-based learning pedagogies : Psychological processes and enhancement of intelligence。Educational Research for Policy and Practice，6(2)，101-114。  new window
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30.West, S. A.(1992)。Problem-based learning -- A viable addition for secondary school science。School Science Review，73(265)，47-55。  new window
會議論文
1.楊坤原、徐崇城、張賴妙理(200812)。八年級學生在問題本位學習歷程的科學探究表現。中華民國第二十四屆科學教育學術研討會。彰化市：國立彰化師範大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳銘偉(2004)。「問題本位學習」教學模式對高職學生之合作學習與批判思考歷程與成效的影響(碩士論文)。中原大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃憲政(2008)。網路化問題導向學習對國小六年級學童在「生物的繁殖」單元學習成效之研究(碩士論文)。臺北市立教育大學，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.陳佩雯(2004)。以合作學習進行批判性思考教學之行動研究(碩士論文)。臺北市立師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃善美(2001)。以問題為中心的合作學習策略對國小學童科學學習之研究(碩士論文)。臺北市立師範學院，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.鄭宇樑(2007)。國小自然與生活科技學習領域問題導向學習之研究。國立臺南大學，臺南市。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.教育部(2003)。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
2.Halpern, D. F.(1997)。Critical thinking across the curriculum: A brief edition of thought and knowledge。Mahwash, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers。  new window
3.毛連塭、吳清山、陳麗華(1992)。康乃爾批判思考測驗(X 級指導手冊)。臺北：臺北市立師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
4.Marshall, Catherine、Rossman, Gretchen B.(1995)。Designing qualitative research。Sage Publications, Inc.。  new window
5.教育部(2003)。科學教育白皮書。教育部。  延伸查詢new window
6.詹秀美、吳武典(2007)。新編問題解決測驗：指導手冊。心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Torp, Linda、Sage, Sara(2002)。Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-16 education。Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development。  new window
8.Delisle, R.(1997)。How to use problem-based learning in the classroom。Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development。  new window
9.Miles, Matthew B.、Huberman, A. Michael、Newman, G.(1994)。Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook。Sage Publications。  new window
10.溫明麗(20020000)。皮亞傑與批判性思考教學。臺北：洪葉文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Norris, Stephen P.、Ennis, Robert H.(1989)。Evaluating critical thinking。Midwest Publications。  new window
12.Jones, B. F.、Rasmussen, C. M.、Moffitt, M. C.(1997)。Real-life problem solving: A Collaborative approach to interdisciplinary learning。American Psychological Association。  new window
13.Yin, Robert K.(1994)。Case study research: Design and methods。Sage Publications。  new window
14.廖進德、祝勤捷、時德平、陳錦坤、楊宗達、劉源崇(2004)。國民小學自然與生活科技。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
15.Committee on Development of an Addendum to the National Science Education Standards on Scientific Inquiry.、Center for Science, Mathematics, & Engineering Education.、National Research Council.(2000)。Inquiry and the National Science Education Standard : A guide for teaching and learning。Washington, DC。  new window
16.Conway, J.、Little, P.(2000)。From practice to theory : Re-conceptualizing curriculum development for PBL。Problem-based learning: Educational innovation across disciplines \\ O.-S. Tan ; P. Little ; H. S. Yin ; J. Conway (eds.)。Singapore。  new window
17.中原大學問題本位學習推動小組(2008)。問題本位學習手冊。桃園縣：中原大學教育研究所教師專業成長中心暨科學解題與探究研究室。  延伸查詢new window
18.張雨強、馮翠典(2009)。開放題編製的理論與技術研究。上海市。  延伸查詢new window
19.Hmelo-Silver, C. E.、Chernobilsky, E.、DaCosta, M. C.(2004)。Psychological tools in problem-based learning。Enhancing thinking through problem-based learning approaches: International perspectives \\ O.-S. Tan ; M. S. Baldwin ; R. O. Beltran ; E. Chernobilsky (eds.)。Singapore。  new window
20.Jonassen, D. H.(2007)。What makes scientific problems difficult。Learning to solve complex scientific problems \\ D. H. Jonassen (ed.)。Mahwah, NJ。  new window
21.Paul, R.、Elder, L.(2001)。Critical thinking : Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life。Upper Saddle River, NJ。  new window
22.Robertson, S. I.(2001)。Problem solving。Philadelphia：Psychology Press。  new window
23.Weissinger, P. A.(2004)。Critical thinking, metacognition, and problem-based learning。Enhancing thinking through problem-based learning approaches: International perspectives \\ O.-S. Tan (ed.)。Singapore。  new window
其他
1.Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.(2000)。SPSS for Windows，Chicago。  new window
圖書論文
1.Ennis, R. H.(1987)。A taxonomy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities。Teaching for thinking skills: Theory and practice。New York：W. H. Freeman。  new window
2.Kennedy, M.、Fisher, M. B.、Ennis, R. H.(1991)。Critical thinking : Literature review and needed research。Educational values and cognitive instruction: Implications for reform。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
 
 
 
 
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