The main purposes of this paper are: Firstly, to make the concept of equality of educational opportunity clear from the approach of historical analysis through differentiating the two basic ideas of the equality of educational opportunity. They are chance and equality. Secondly, to distinguish relations of the three dimensions-the chance of accessing schooling, the processes of educating and the result of education-of equality of educational opportunity from the perspective of the development of the education system. Furthermore, it exemplifies the development and the implementation of the three dimensions of the equality of educational opportunity using the five criteria provided by J.S. Coleman. This paper also discusses some issues of the idea. For instance, the issues of equity, fairness and justice, and the problems of implementing, For example, the problems of finance, equipment, staff and teaching materials. Finally this paper provides some alternatives for implementing the idea of equality of educational opportunity through applying teaching methods and educational alternatives.