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題名:國際學生招募策略與因應之研究-以荷蘭大學為例
作者:楊靜子
作者(外文):Ching-tzu Yang
校院名稱:國立臺南大學
系所名稱:教育經營與管理研究所
指導教授:姜麗娟
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:高等教育國際化大學荷蘭國際學生招募international student recruitmentUniversitiesthe Netherlandsinternationalization of higher education
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為因應全球化對高等教育所造成的多元衝擊,利用「國際化」來改變大學的架構和功能,為因應全球化衝擊的方式之一。於是,高等教育機構起而擬定各項國際化之計畫性活動與組織策略等,來因應全球化之挑戰。其中,「國際學生招募」之計畫在國際化因應中具發展性、重要性與功能性;再加上我國在國際學生招募所面臨之困境與所引發之議題等研究背景下,本研究以個案研究法為主,並以荷蘭當地的研究型大學為研究對象,在荷蘭當地進行為期一年的研究。除了利用文獻探討、文件分析等研究方法,並與荷蘭大學合作進行線上問卷調查,將此前導性研究結果作為擬定訪談5所個案大學之大綱,用以了解荷蘭大學國際學生招募之現況、策略與相關回應。
本研究以機構層面(institutional level)為研究主體,分析荷蘭大學國際學生招募之策略;國際學生招募之品質管理配套;荷蘭大學國際學生招募之理由與目的;以及影響國際學生招募之關鍵因素等四大層面。研究發現:1. 荷蘭大學國際學生招募由擴大「國際學術網絡」之交流為主軸,調整組織結構、管理模式、改革入學申請,並加強服務國際學生與行銷學習,以訂定招募國際學生之策略;2.在招收歐盟學生方面,主要是順應國家與歐盟政策的引導;在招收非歐盟學生方面,主要是藉由Nuffic提供獎學金並在歐洲以外國家成立NESOs辦公室來協助;個案大學之間執行國際學生招募成效的差異在於外在因素,如地理位置、國際知名度等,內在管理與策略直接影響成效較小;3.荷蘭大學並沒有一套具體的機構機制來保證國際學生招募的品質,但上至歐盟,下至各系所,一同為國際學生招募的品質把關。4.荷蘭大學推動國際學生招募主要是處在政治因素之脈絡下,並以提昇教育品質等學術目的為優先。影響荷蘭大學推動國際學生招募的因素在於:大學的合作網絡、荷蘭大學的國際知名度與堅持「良好教育品質」之信念。
最後,本研究分別對荷蘭大學與我國高等教育機構在國際學生招募之執行,提出建議與省思。
“Internationalization” of higher education in the global context is seen as one approach to change the structure and function of the universities for responding to the challenges related to the globalization of societies, economy and labor markets. The internationalization of higher education has become a core strategy of higher education institutions (HEIs) over the world. Particularly, international student recruitment of HEIs has been being one of developmental, important and functional international activities. Moreover, HEIs in Taiwan can’t successfully recruit international student and has arisen some related arguments. Under the above-mentioned background, this research is mainly to investigate the institutional strategies and responses to international student recruitment of higher education in the Netherlands.
In addition to literature review and document analysis, this study is not only through pilot online-questionnaire survey to explore the general picture of international student recruitment in 13 Dutch research universities but also by means of making interviews with key actors in five case universities to understand the external background, internal operation, the quality assurance, and the driven factors of successful international student recruitment. Besides, the strategies of international student recruitment are compared not only among five Dutch case universities but between the Netherlands and three other European countries. Via this research which was done in the Netherlands for almost one year, this research indicates as well the implications with respect to the institutional responses to international student recruitment, and the reflection of international student recruitment for HEIs of Taiwan.
The major findings of this research are: 1. The Dutch Universities recruit international student mainly by means of expanding the international university networks. Besides, the Dutch universities set a specific and independent unit, adjust the mode of management, revolute admission policy, provide the best service for international students and positively learn marketing for international student recruitment. The Dutch Universities recruit international student from European and Non-European countries respectively by different approaches. 2. Among the five Dutch case universities, their differences of international student recruitment are caused more by the external factors than by the internal organizational strategies and operation. 3. The coherence of the policies and strategies of between institutional, national, and supranational level helps the Dutch Universities control the quality of international education in the Netherlands. However, the Dutch Universities don’t have an institutional mechanism of quality assurance for international student recruitment. 4. The international student recruitment of the Dutch universities is mainly affected by political factors and the promotion of educational quality is the most important purpose for them to recruit international students. In fact, the percentage of international student market shared by the Netherlands is low. That is because the Dutch international education is not unique enough to do marketing and has its limitation on international student recruitment. ” Maintaining good quality of education”, “expanding the international university network”, and “to make the Dutch Universities better-known” are the driven factors of successful international student recruitment in the Netherlands.
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