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題名：創業認知觀點下的機會辨識過程：以創業警覺能力為中介變項
作者：謝如梅 引用關係
作者(外文)：Ru-Mei Hsieh
校院名稱：國立中山大學
系所名稱：企業管理學系研究所
指導教授：劉常勇
梁慧玫
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2010
主題關鍵詞：機會辨識；社會網絡；先前知識；創業警覺能力；opportunity recognition；prior knowledge；social networks；entrepreneurial alertness
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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機會是創業活動中的核心，而創業者若能辨識到具有潛力之機會，將影響整個新企業的未來發展。本研究著眼於最初期的機會辨識過程，發現過去研究均強調先前知識與社會網絡對於機會辨識之重要性，然而，此一論點並無法說明個人辨識機會的認知過程。因此本文旨在填補理論上對於中介機制的缺口，試圖從創業認知觀點，提出研究發問：「個人如何 (how)將所擁有之知識與資訊進行認知運作，並轉換成創業機會辨識成果之過程？」
本研究根據Kirzner (1973)所提出之「創業警覺 (entrepreneurial alertnss)」概念，強調此種創業警覺能力是創業者獨具的感知能力與詮釋能力，能夠有助於個人注意、理解、思考與詮釋目前市場上的資訊與發展狀況，進而辨識出創新程度較高、數量較多之機會。
在研究方法部分，共進行3個子研究，首先，由於現有研究缺乏創業警覺能力之測量工具，「研究1」之目的在於為建構信效度良好之創業警覺能力量表。其次，「研究2」為進行一個小型的實驗設計研究，以確認先前知識與創業警覺能力對於機會辨識數量的影響力。最後，「研究3」則是收集大量問卷調查數據，針對本研究之整體模式架構進行驗證。
研究結果發現：1. 創業警覺能力是個人辨識創業機會的重要認知能力，亦受到先前知識與專業網絡之影響。2. 欲辨識出創新的機會，個人需藉由市場知識，所建構出的良好知識架構與認知能力，來理解與預測創新機會的存在與發展。3. 欲辨識出創新的機會，個人需藉由專業網絡獲取資訊，所建構出的良好知識架構與認知能力，來理解與預測創新機會的存在與發展。
本研究在理論上建構一機會辨識過程之完整模式，並發展創業警覺能力量表以及實證調查，應有助於後續研究者更進一步探討機會辨識之內涵。在實務上，研究者將提出對於創業教育及實務創業者之建議。
Opportunity has emerged as a focal point in the field of entrepreneurship and recognizing potential opportunities is the first step of new venture creation. A number of studies acknowledge the contributions of prior knowledge and social networks in explaining opportunity recognition. However, previous research ignored the importance of cognitive process. Thus, the purpose of this study is filling the research gap of the mediation mechanism in this process. Through the entrepreneurial cognitions view lens, this research goes a step further by asking:”how do individuals conclude that an opportunity from their prior knowledge and information?”
Entrepreneurial alertness, first used by Kirzner (1973) has been identified as a major factor in the process of opportunity recognition. We equate this cognitive ability with entrepreneurial alertness, proposing that this bridges the gap between knowledge/information and the innovativeness/number of opportunities.
There are 3 studies in this research; first, Study 1 developed a scale of entrepreneurial alertness. Secondly, Study 2 conducted an experimental design research to test the relationships between prior knowledge, entrepreneurial alertness, and the number of opportunities. Thirdly, Study 3 collected large numbers sample to test the full model. Results indicate that prior knowledge and social networks had positive effects on entrepreneurial alertness. Moreover, entrepreneurial alertness was positively associated with the innovativeness and number of opportunities. In the mediating effect, interpretation ability was partially mediated the relationship between prior knowledge of markets, professional networks and opportunity recognition.
This study contributed theoretical and practical implications. Future directions for research are described, and its practical implications for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurs are examined.
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