The main purpose of this research was to explore the relationships between teachers' professional growth and teachers' knowledge management of elementary schools, and to analyze how the status of teachers' professional growth and teachers' knowledge management varied according to the variables of teachers' backgrounds. According to findings, the research proposed the suggestions for Educational administrative organizations, elementary school's administrative unit, and elementary school teachers. This research reviewed the literature of teachers' professional growth and knowledge management, and established the research framework and research questionnaire. Meanwhile, the data was collected by the questionnaire survey method. The research adopted stratified sampling technique based on the location and the size of a school. The population was composed of teachers of 78 elementary schools in the central Taiwan countries. There were 785 teachers sampled from 78 elementary schools. The total number of usable sets of instrument returned was 614 and a usable return rate was 78%. The statistic methods were frequency, percentile, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and product-moment correlation. The conclusions of this research were as follows: 1. The current status of teachers' knowledge management and teachers' professional growth in elementary schools is mostly good. 2. There were significant differences of teachers' knowledge management among teachers from different school location and size. 3. There were significant differences of teachers' professional growth among teachers from different teacher age and their working experience. 4. The better knowledge management the teachers do, the better professional growth the teachers will be. According to the research conclusion, some suggestions as follow: 1. Keep on publicizing the concept of "knowledge management", and make teachers have accurate understanding. 2. Construct effective models of school-to-school cooperation; reduce influences of the shortage of networks of practice in remote districts. 3. Adjust school size moderately to facilitate knowledge management. 4. Teachers must develop concepts of life-long and team learning. 5. Provide sufficient information technology, and make knowledge collection and storage available for teachers. 6. Promote teachers to do action research, and to solve difficulties in the teaching process.