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題名：析評美國華盛頓州中小學課程的標準化
書刊名：國立臺北教育大學學報. 教育類
作者：黃嘉雄 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Chia-hsiung
出版日期：2005
卷期：18:2
頁次：頁25-53
主題關鍵詞：課程改革；課程管理；課程標準；華盛頓州教育；Curriculum reform；Curriculum management；Curriculum standard and Washington State education
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:74
  • 點閱點閱:468
為提升學生成就，增進經濟競爭優勢，美國華盛頓州自1992 和1993 年教育改革法案以來，推動了中小學教育課程的標準化。除於1995 和1996 年頒布稱為基本學術學習要求（EALRs）的各科課程標準外，亦實施新的全州性學生學習成就評量、辦學績效評鑑、教師認證制度，並對各學區和學校提供各種經費補助、專業發展和技術協助方案，以落實課程標準。 本文對前述華盛頓州中小學課程標準化的改革緣起、核心理念與假設、課程標準內涵結構、課程管理措施加以分析、評論後，提出下述總結：其應可提升學生主要學科的學術成就，但將難以適應個別差異；課程結構較突顯人文理性主義意識型態，教育的工具主義色彩過於濃厚；雖重視校本管理，但因採新管理主義思維，學校和教師的專業自主範圍仍受限於執行之方法而非課程改革意圖。
In order to promote the achievement of students’ learning, thereby to enhance the strength of economic competition in the changing world, Washington State has been toward a standard-based curriculum reform of the basic education since the state passed the education reform acts of 1992 and 1993. The states’ curriculum standard of basic education, named the Essential Academic Learning Requirements, was issued in 1995 and 1996. For the enactment of the curriculum standard, some new systems, such as a new assessment system of students achievement, a new accountability system of schools and a new certification system of teachers, have been established and implemented by the state. Besides, the state has developed and acted many kinds of programs to enhance the professional abilities of teachers and give the schools resources and technical assistance. In the article, the rise of the Washington State standard-based curriculum reform, the basic ideas and assumptions in it, the structure of the states’ curriculum standard and its curriculum management system are analyzed and criticized. The following conclusions are made. Firstly, the Washington State standard-based curriculum reform would promote the academic achievement of the students in main subjects. However, it’s difficult to meet the different needs of individual students. Secondly, the Washington State curriculum standard has an over emphasis on the curriculum ideology of Rational Humanism and has a deep instrumentalism in education. Finally, the professional autonomy of schools and teachers would be limited to the implementing methods, resulting from the adoption of the New Managerialism in Washington State, despite the States’ endorsement of the school-based management system. The limitation of the professional autonomy of schools and teachers does not fit into the intent of curriculum reform.
期刊論文
1.黃嘉雄(2003)。課程管理的意義、範圍與思維。國民教育，44(1)，57-63。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.Billings, J. A.(1996)。Washington goals 2000: Report to the Legislature。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
2.JSCER(1995)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State: Annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
3.JSCER(1996)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State: 2nd annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
4.JSCER(1997)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State: 3rd annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
5.JSCER(1998)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State: 4th annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
6.JSCER(1999)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State; 5th annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
7.JSCER(1999)。Implementation of education reform in Washington State: 6th annual report to the Washington Legislature。Olympia, WA：JSCER。  new window
8.Washington State Board of Education(1993)。Report to the Legislature on the schools for the 21st century program。Olympia, WA：Washington State Board of Education。  new window
學位論文
1.Galluccis, C.(2002)。Communities of practice and the mediation of teachers9 response to standards-based reform(博士論文)。College of Education, University of Washington。  new window
2.Sems, R. S.(1998)。The process and politics of education legislation in Washington State: 1984-1994(博士論文)。University of Oregon。  new window
圖書
1.Academic Achievement and Accountability Commission (Washington State)(2001)。Accountability system recommendation。Olympia, WA：Academic Achievement and Accountability Commission (Washington State)。  new window
2.Bergeson, T.、Butts, R.、Vermillion, A.(2003)。Education reform, assessment and accountability laws in Washington State。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
3.Bergeson, T.、Yoshitomi, J.、Butts, R.(1998)。State laws regarding education reform and assessment in Washington State。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
4.CSL(1996)。Essential academic learning requirements: Reading, writing, communication, mathematics。Olympia, WA：CSL。  new window
5.CSL(1996)。Essential academic learning requirements: Science, social studies, arts, health and fitness。Olympia, WA：CSL。  new window
6.CSL(1996)。Annual report to the Joint Select Committee on Education Restructuring on the Progress of the Commission on Student Learning。Olympia, WA：CSL。  new window
7.Doerper, J.(2002)。Washington。New York：Fodor’s。  new window
8.Eisner, E. W.(2002)。The educational im agination: on the design and evaluation of school programs。Upper Saddle River, New Jersey：Merrill Prentice Hall。  new window
9.overnor's Council on Education Reform and Funding, Washington State(1992)。Putting children first: Improving student performance in Washington State。Olympia, WA：Office of the Governor。  new window
10.OSPI(2004)。Mathematics K-10 grade level expectations: A new level of specificity。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
11.OSPI(2004)。Reading K-10 grade level expectations: A new level of specificity。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
12.University of Washington & Management Analysis and Planning Associates(1997)。Conditions of education in Washington State 1997。Seattle：Institute for the Study of Education。  new window
13.高新建(2000)。課程管理。臺北：師大書苑。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.黃嘉雄(20010000)。學校本位管理制度比較研究。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.謝文全(1995)。比較教育行政。臺北市：五南。  延伸查詢new window
16.Glatthorn, A. A.(1987)。Curriculum leadership。Glenview, Illinois：Scott, Foresman and Company。  new window
17.黃政傑(1993)。課程教學之變革。臺北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Northwest Educational Service District 189 (Washington State)(2004)。About NWESD 189，http://www.esd.189.org/admin/index.html， 2004/11/21。  new window
2.OSPI(2004)。Certification for teachers，http://www.k-12.wa.us/certification/teacher/teachercertificatetype.aspx， 2004/12/13。  new window
圖書論文
1.Hartly, D.(1993)。The evaluative state and self-management in education: Cause for reflection?。A socially critica l view of the self-managing school。London：The Falmer Press。  new window
2.The National PTA(1996)。Clarifying goals 2000。Washington goals 2000: Report to the Legislature (Appendix A)。Olympia, WA：OSPI。  new window
 
 
 
 
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