This article is a critical reflection on the quality management and an attempt to build up a mechanism of Taiwan's primary education. By means of document analysis, meeting, survey and comparing, we study the quality management of primary education in Taiwan in the span of 10 years (1999-2009) in three stages: The first stage begun with the announcement of Local Government Act and with the pre-enforcement of curriculum of the grades (1-9 grade). The second stage is a gradual enforcement in grade 1-9 curriculum. The third stage is a total enforcement in grade 1-9 Curriculum. Our study attempts to generalize specific ways of quality management taken by both the central and the local authorities. Based on the analysis of the quality management of primary education, we are able to reflect in depth its philosophical foundation, the division of authority, the adoption of policy tool, and feedback and evaluation. The final part is our proposal of the concept of "student as the center of education" to be the foundation of the mechanism of quality management.