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題名：中小學生批判思考與學業成績之相關研究
書刊名：教育與心理研究
作者：葉玉珠 引用關係／吳靜吉 引用關係
出版日期：1992
卷期：15
頁次：頁79-100
主題關鍵詞：中小學生；成績；批判；思考；學業
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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　　　　　本研究的主要目的是在探討批判思考與學業成績的關係，並根據研究結果提出建 議，以供批判思考教學及研究之參考。本研究以臺北市（城市）、臺北縣（市郊）及澎湖縣 （離島）之小學五年級、國中二年級及高中一年級學生為研究對象， 共抽取 15 校、24 班 、1022 人。主要的研究工具為「康乃爾批判思考測驗甲式」。 研究結果發現：（一）不論 小學、國中或高中，學生的智力均與批判思考有顯著正相關（小學：r=23, N=162, P<.01； 國中：r=.32, N=486, P<.001；高中：r=.14, N=299, P<.05 ）。（二）小學及國中學生的 批判思考與學業總成績有顯著淨相關（小學： r=.45, N=162, P<.001； 國中： r=.43, N=486, P<.001 ），但高中生的批判思考與學業總成績無顯著淨相關（ r=.11, N=299 ）。 在小學與國中部分，批判思考與國語、數學、自然及社會科學業成績均有顯著的淨相關，且 與自然及社會科成績的相關較高（小學：自然科：r=.44, N=162, P<.001；社會科：r=.45, N=162, P<.001。 國中：自然科：r=.47, N=486, P<.001；社會科：r=.40, N=486, P<.001 ）。高中生的批判思考則僅與自然科學業成績有顯著淨相關（ N=299, r=.21, P<.001 ）。 （三）在小學及國中部分，排除智力的影響後，批判思考仍與學業總成績（小學：F=27.83, df= （ 2,160 ）；國中：F=36.36, df= （ 2, 486 ））及各科學業成績有顯著相關（小學 ：Wilk's Lambda=.74, P<.001；國中：Wilk's Lambda=.83, P<.001 ）； 即批判思考的分 數愈高的小學生及國中生，其學業總成績及各科學業成績愈高。然而，在高中部分，排除智 力的影響後，批判思考與學業總成績及各科學業成績的相關則不顯著（ Wilk's Lambsa=.98 ）；即批判思考能力不同的高中生，在學業總成績及各科學業成績上的表現並沒有顯著差異 。
　　　　　The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and academic achievement as well as to make some suggestions based on this investigation. Elementary (N=237), junior high (N=486) and senior high (N=299) school students from rural (Penhu County), subruban (Taipei County) and urban (Taipei City) areas were administered the Cornell Critical Thinking Test, Level X (CCT-X). The results were as follows: (1) There was a significantly positive correlation between intelligence quotient and critical thinking at all grade levels (elementary school: N=162, r=.23, P<.01; junior high school: N=486, r=.32, P<.001; senior high school: N=299, r=.14, P<.05). (2)There was a significant correlation between critical thinking and total academic achievement among elementary school students (N=162, r=.45, P<.001) and junior high school students (N=486, r=.43, P<.001). (3) There were significant correlations between critical thinking and all subject achievements among elementary school students and junior high school students, especially in natural science (elementary school: N=162, r=.44, P<.001; junior high school: N=486, r=.47, P<.001) and social science (elementary school: N=162, r=.45, P<.001=; junior high school: N=486, r=.40, P<.001) while the only significant correlation between critical thinking and natural science was found among high school students (N=299, r=.21, P<.001). (4)Academic achievement was significantly correlated to critical thinking among elementary school students (Wilk's Lambda=.74, df=(2, 159), P<.001) and junior high school students (Wilk's Lambda=.83, df=(2, 483), P<.001) while it was not among senior high school students (Wilk's Lambda=.98, df=(2, 296)).
期刊論文
1.Knight, S. L.、Wexman, H. C.、Padron, Y. N.(1989)。Students' Perceptions of relationships between social studies instruction and cognitive strategies。Educational Research，82(5)，270-276。  new window
2.Walters, K. S.(1986)。Critical thinking in liberal education: A case of overkill?。Liberal Education，72(3)，233-244。  new window
3.White, C. S.、Fuqua, J. D.(1987)。Analogical reasoning in young children。Journal of Educational Psychology，79(4)，401-408。  new window
4.Johnson, D. W.、Johnson, R. T.(1987)。Research Shows the Benefits of Adult Cooperation。Educational Leadership，45(3)，27-30。  new window
5.Newton, B. T.(1977)。Theoretical bases for higher cognitive questioning: an avenue to critical thinking。Education，98，286-291。  new window
6.Siegel, Harvey(1980)。Critical thinking as an educational ideal。The Educational Forum，45(1)，7-23。  new window
7.Farrar, M. T.(1986)。Four conceptions of literacy。Reading Psychology，7(1)，43-55。  new window
8.Biggs, J. B.(1978)。Individual and group differences in study processes。British Journal of Educational Psychology，48(3)，266-279。  new window
9.Brell, C. D.(1990)。Critical thinking as transfer, the reconstructive integration of otherwise discrete interpretations of experience。Educational Theory，40(1)，53-85。  new window
10.Garett, K.、Wulf, K.(1978)。The relationship of a measure of critical thinking ability to personality variables and to indicators of academic achievement。Educational and Psychological Measurement，38(4)，1181-1187。  new window
11.Pierce, W.、Lemke, E.、Smith, R.(1988)。Critical thinking and moral development in secondary students。The High School Journal，71(3)，120-126。  new window
12.Zenke, L.、Alexander, L.(1984)。Teaching thinking in Tulsa。Educational Leadership，42(1)，81-84。  new window
13.Alexander, P. A.、Willson, V. L.、White, C. S.、Fuqua, J. D.(1987)。Analogical reasoning in young children。Journal of Educational Psychology，79(4)，401-408。  new window
14.McMillan, J. H.(1987)。Enhancing college students' critical thinking: A review of studies。Research in Higher Education，26(1)，3-29。  new window
15.毛連塭、劉燦梁、陳麗華(19910100)。康乃爾批判思考測驗之修訂。測驗年刊，38，109-123。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.吳靜吉、葉玉珠(19920100)。康乃爾批判思考測驗甲式之修訂。測驗年刊，39，79-103。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Aronid G. H.、Hart, A.、Campbell, K.(1988)。Introducing the Wednesday revolution。Educational Leadership，45(7)，48。  new window
18.Beyer, B. K.(1983)。Commen sense about teaching thinking skills。Eclucational Leadership，41(3)，44-49。  new window
19.Beyer, B. K.(1985)。Teaching critical thinking: A direct approach。Social Education，49(4)，297-303。  new window
20.Beyer, B. K.(1988)。Developing a scope and sequence for skills instruction。Educational Leadership，45(7)，26-30。  new window
21.Doherty, D. C.(1990)。Using corporate-sponsored materials to teach history and social science skills。Educational Leadership，47(4)，81-83。  new window
22.Hudgins, B. B.、Edelman, S.(1986)。Teaching critical skills to fourth and fifth grades through critical teacher-lead small-group disscussions。Journal of Educational Research，79(6)，333-342。  new window
23.Lundeberg, M. A.、Fox, P. W.(1991)。Do laboratory findings on test expectancy generalize to classroom outcomes?。Review of Educational，61(1)，94-106。  new window
24.McFarland, M. A.(1985)。Critical thinking in elementary school social studies。Social Education，49(4)，277-280。  new window
25.Mirman, J.、Tiahman, S.(1988)。Infusing thinking through "connections"。Educational Leadership，45(7)，64-65。  new window
26.Pogrow, S.(1988)。Teaching thinking to at-risk elementary students。Educational Leadership，45(7)，79-85。  new window
27.Romanish, B.(1986)。Critical thinking and the curriculum: A critique。The Educational Forum，51(1)，45-55。  new window
28.Shulk, J. P.(1988)。Project IMPACT in elementary school。Educational Leadership，45(7)，41。  new window
29.Willams, B.(1987)。Implementing thinking skills instruction in an uban district: An effect to close the gap。Educational Leadership，44(6)，50-53。  new window
30.Worsham, A. W.、Austin, G. R.(1984)。Effects of teaching Thinking skills on SAT scores。Educational Leadership，41(3)，50-51。  new window
31.Shulman, Lee S.(1987)。Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform。Harvard Educational Review，57(1)，1-23。  new window
32.張春興(19880600)。知之歷程與教之歷程: 認知心理學的發展及其在教育上的應用。教育心理學報，21，17-38。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.Smith, D. G.(1977)。College classroom interactions and critical thinking。Journal of Education Psychology，69(2)，180-190。  new window
34.Tabor, M.(1988)。Better student thinking through changing teacher behaviors。Educational Leadership，45(7)，49。  new window
會議論文
1.Pintrich, P. R.(1986)。Motivation and learning strategies interactions with achievement。The American Educational Research Association Convention。San Francisco, California。  new window
2.Pintrich, P. R.(1987)。Motivated leaning strategies in the college classroom。Washington, D. C.。1-38。  new window
學位論文
1.林瑞榮(1988)。小學社會課程的發展趨勢及其啟示(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.江芳盛(1990)。高雄市國民小學教師批判思考教學行為之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.項必蒂(1991)。師院生學習教育心理學之動機等策略及其相關因素研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學，臺北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.葉玉珠(1991)。我國中小學學生批判思考及其相關因素之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Mayer, R. E.(1987)。Educational psychology: A cognitive approach。Boston：Little, Brown and Company。  new window
2.許世在(1986)。國民小學社會科教學現況及改進途徑之研究。高復文。  延伸查詢new window
3.Nickerson, R. S.、Perkins, D. N.、Smith, E. E.(1985)。The Teaching of Thinking。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Eribaum Associates Publishers。  new window
4.Paul, R.(1990)。Critical thinking: What every person needs to survive in a rapidly changing world。CA：Center for Critical Thinking and Morale Critique。  new window
5.林清江、簡茂發、歐陽教、陳光輝、陳伯璋、張玉成、吳明清、王月鏡、行政院研究發展考核委貫會(1980)。我國中小學公民教育內涵及實施成效之研究。台北：行政院研究發展考核委員會。  延伸查詢new window
6.Ennis, R. H.、Millman, J.、Tomko, T. N.(1985)。Cornell Critical Thinking Tests, Level X & Level Z-Manual。Pacific Grove, CA：Midwest Publications。  new window
7.Brody, N.(1992)。Intelligence。Academic Press。  new window
8.Hudgins, B. B.(1977)。Learning and teaching--a primer for teachers。Illinois：F. E. Peacock Publisher, Inc.。  new window
9.Siegler, R. S.(1986)。Children's thinking。Prentice-Hall。  new window
10.Scheffler, I.(1973)。Reason and Teaching。London：Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
11.Siegel, H.(1988)。Educating reason: Rationality, critical thinking and education。Routledge。  new window
12.Smith, R. M.(1982)。Learning how to learn。Cambridge：The Adult Education。  new window
13.Norris, S. P.、Ennis, R. H.(1989)。Evaluating critical thinking。Pacific Grove, CA：Midwest Publications。  new window
14.張玉成(1989)。教師發問技巧。台北：心理出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.Baron, J. B.、Sternberg. R. J.(1986)。Teaching thinking skills: Theory and practice。New York：W. H. Freeman Company。  new window
16.柯華葳、秦葆琦(1986)。中國兒童政治行為研究。板橋：省國教教師研習會。  延伸查詢new window
17.Beyer, Barry K.(1988)。Developing A Thinking Skills Program。Allyn and Bacon。  new window
圖書論文
1.Yinger, R. J.(1980)。Can we really teach them to think?。Fostering critical thinking。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
2.Ennis, R. H.(1986)。A taxononiy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities。Teaching thinking skill: Theory and practice。New York：W. H. Freeman Company。  new window
3.Freeman, W. H.(1986)。Teaching thinking skills: Theory and practice。Teaching thinking skills: Theory and practice。New York：W. H. Freeman Company。  new window
4.Young, R. E.(1980)。Editor's notes: Critical thinking--a renewed interest。Forstering critical Thinking。San Fracisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
 
 
 
 
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