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題名:社會工作人員專業倫理決策過程之研究
作者:胡中宜 引用關係
作者(外文):Hu,Chung-Yi
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:曾華源
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:倫理決策倫理議題倫理兩難倫理決策過程ethical decision makingethical issuesethical dilemmasethical decision-making process
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社會工作的介入選擇是道德價值的選擇,但實務中價值、目標與角色的模糊與衝突,導致倫理兩難。強調品質、信託責任的趨勢下,理解社會工作人員的倫理決策是非常重要。本研究的目的在從實務案例中,整理社會工作人員面臨的倫理議題;分析其倫理決策行為背後的倫理思考,以及追求倫理正當性過程中的考量因素,進而形成倫理決策過程的類型。
本研究運用質性研究的方法,以「立意取樣」選取兒童與青少年領域的社工人員作為研究對象,以訪談法進行資料收集,共計二十七位受訪者。
研究結論:
(一) 提出「建構平衡論」的概念,社會工作人員的倫理決策是從「規範性」到「自主性」的過程。
(二) 社會工作人員的決策過程分為四個階段:覺察階段、分析階段、評量階段、選擇階段。
(三) 倫理議題分為倫理問題與倫理兩難。包括保密、自我決定、價值的衝突、不同忠誠對象等;倫理議題產生的來源有資訊與結果的不確定性、義務的模糊與資源的有限性。
(四) 社會工作倫理決策的脈絡有六大因素:情境因素、機構內因素、機構外因素、同僚因素、決策者因素、案主因素。
(五) 增強倫理決策的方法有:個人能力、專業討論、養成與繼續教育、制度的改變層等層面。
(六) 社會工作價值實踐的困境有,尊重、自我決定、服務的本質、專業自主。國內的不當實務,包含「工作者因素」與「專業關係」層面的瀆職與失職。
研究建議:
(一) 社工實務方面:建立社工倫理的規範性作用;建立決策能力指標;建構倫理決策指導手冊;強化社工倫理的繼續教育。
(二) 社工教育方面:重視社工倫理教育的重要性;強調社工價值與倫理的教學。
(三) 專業組織方面:制定操作化的倫理規範與標準;賦予專業組織監督與仲裁功能。
The choice of intervention in social work is a choice of moral value-beliefs. However, the value, aim and role are ambiguous and conflicting in practice, they also result ethical dilemmas. On the trend of addressing quality and fiduciary, the ethical decision-making process of social work Practitioners become more and more important.
Thus, the primary purpose of the study is to explore how social work Practitioners use the model of decision-making process to deal with the ethical issues, and to induce the factors in ethical justification. The research method adopted qualitative method and purposeful sampling. It interviewed 27 social workers, who work in the field of child welfare and youth welfare.
The conclusions of the research include :(1)The study discloses the concept of constructive balance theory and reveals the ethical decision-making process of social work Practitioner is from normalization to autonomy.(2)There are four stages in the ethical decision-making process of social work Practitioners: awareness, analysis, evaluation and choice.(3)The ethical issues have two main parts- ethical problems and ethical dilemmas. It includes confidential, self-determination, value conflict, different loyal objects, uncertain information and results. (4)There are six factors in social work making-decision context: situation, in-institution, out-of-institution, colleague, decision maker, and client.(5)And the ways to enhance the ethic making-decision include personal ability, professional discussion, training education and reform system. (6)The study demonstrates some malpractice in Taiwan, it includes misfeasance and nonfeasance. And the difficulties of social work value-practice include respect, self-decision, service essential, professional autonomy.
The suggestions of the research include:(1).the dimensions of social work practice are to construct the ethic form and to establish the ability standard of social workers, and to address the importance of the ethic of social work.(2).the dimensions of social work education are to improve the teaching strategy in ethic education, and to enhance the training in ethic education.(3).the dimensions of social work organization are to form the supervised function of professional organization, and set up the operational standards of ethical ethics.
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