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題名：事件威脅性、關係親近性與謙虛取向對大學生橫向傑出成就之人際歸因的影響
書刊名：教育心理學報
作者：韓貴香 引用關係
作者(外文)：Han, Kuei-hsiang
出版日期：2012
卷期：43:3
頁次：頁701-716
主題關鍵詞：人際歸因；事件威脅性；橫向傑出；謙虛；關係親近性；Closeness of relationship；Horizontal distinctiveness；Interpersonal attribution；Modesty；Threat of event
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本研究旨在檢視大學生對自身成就的人際歸因方式和歸因動機，是受成就事件本身的類型（橫向傑出，較無社會比較意涵）或人際關係的特性（事件威脅性與關係親近性）影響，同時探討成就者的歸因方式是否受其內化的謙虛取向影響。本研究以新北市一所私立大學的200位大學生為對象，回收有效問卷計192份。研究採情境實驗法，以事件威脅性與關係親近性為主要變項設計相關的橫向傑出成就情境。依變項為測量研究參與者在該情境下的人際歸因方式和歸因動機，並測量其謙虛取向程度。採卡方分析的研究結果顯示：當自己的成就會威脅到對方，研究參與者多將成就歸因於外在因素（運氣）；當成就不會威脅對方，研究參與者對成就的歸因，則受雙方關係的親近程度影響。當對方為關係親近者，傾向將成就歸因於內在因素（努力、能力）；當對方為非關係親近者，則是將成就歸因於外在因素（運氣）。採t考驗對謙虛取向分數的分析發現，大學生只有在自己的成就不會威脅到對方，且和對方為關係親近者時，其對成就採內在或外在的人際歸因方式才和個人的謙虛取向分數有關。在此情況下，謙虛取向分數愈高者愈傾向採外在因素歸因自己的成就。
The purpose of this study was to examine how college students’ interpersonal attribution for their success was affected by the type of achievements and the characteristics of the interpersonal relationship as well as their modesty orientation. Two hundred undergraduate students participated in this study and 192 valid questionnaires were collected. Adopting scenario experimental method, this study manipulated the variables of “threat of successful event” and “closeness to the interacting target” in an achievement of horizontal distinctiveness. The dependent variables were participants’ choice of attributional reason and motivation, in addition, their modesty scores were measured as well. The results of χ2 analyses showed that when the success was a threat to the interacting target, participants would attribute their success to “luck” with a motivation of “empathy”. When the achievement was not a threat, participants would attribute their success to “effort” and “ability” with intimates with a motivation of “sharing glory”, but to ”luck” with acquaintances with motivation of “obeying social modest norm”. Moreover, the results of t-test revealed that when the success was not a threat to the intimate, the modesty orientation scores of those who attributed their success to external factors were significantly higher than those who attributed their success to internal factors.
期刊論文
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3.Weiner, Bernard(2000)。Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Theories of Motivation from an Attributional Perspective。Educational Psychology Review，12(1)，1-14。  new window
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7..Leung、Man-Chi(1996)。Social Network and Self-Enhancement in Chinese Children: A Comparisonof Self-Reports and Peer Reports of Group Membership。Social Development，5，146-157。  new window
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13.Campbell, W. K.、Sedikides, C.(1999)。Self-threat magnifies the self-serving bias: A meta-analytic integration。Review of General Psychology，3(1)，23-43。  new window
14.Kurman, J.(2003)。Why is self-enhancement low in certain collectivist cultures? An investigation of two competing explanations。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，34，496-510。  new window
15.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
16.Steele, C. M.(1988)。The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self。Advances in experimental social psychology，21，261-302。  new window
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20.李美枝(19930600)。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。本土心理學研究，1，267-300。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Taylor, Shelley E.、Brown, Jonathon D.(1988)。Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health。Psychological Bulletin，103(2)，193-210。  new window
22.樊景立、鄭伯壎(19971200)。華人自評式績效考核中的自謙偏差：題意、謙虛價值及自尊之影響。中華心理學刊，39(2)，103-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
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25.彭泗清(19931200)。中國人「做人」的概念分析。本土心理學研究，2，297-313。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.黃光國(1987)。Face and favor: the Chinese power game。American Journal of Sociology，92(4)，944-974。  new window
27.Arkin, R.、Cooper, H.、Kolditz, T.(1980)。A statistical review of the literature concerning the self-serving attribution bias in interpersonal influence situations。Journal of Personality，48，435-448。  new window
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29.Greenwald, A. G.(1980)。The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history。American Psychologist，35，603-618。  new window
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會議論文
1.Tafarodi, R.、Marshall, T.、Katsura, H.(2001)。Standing out in Japan and Canada。Melburne, Australia。  new window
學位論文
1.周欣樺(2002)。人際競爭情境和人際和諧情境中的歸因型態(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳舜文(2005)。華人的社會目標與成就動機：以臺灣大學生為例(博士論文)。臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Aron, Arthur、Aron, Elaine N.、黃瓊蓉(2005)。心理與教育統計學。台北：學富出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Hewstone, Miles(1989)。Causal Attribution: From Cognitive Processes to Collective Beliefs。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。  new window
3.Weiner, Bernard(1986)。An attributional theory of motivation and emotion。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
4.Hwang, K. K.、Chen, S. W.、Wang, H. H.、Fu, B. J.(n.d.)。Life goals, achievement motivation and value of effort in Confucian society。Asia’s educational miracle: Psychological, social and cultural perspectives \\ U. Kim ; Y. S. Park (Eds.)。New York, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.Crittenden, K. S.(1996)。Causal attribution processes among the Chinese。The handbook of Chinese psychology。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.楊國樞(1993)。中國人的社會取向：社會互動的觀點。中國人的心理--理念與方法篇。台北：桂冠圖書公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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