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題名:受保護處分少年自我防衛機轉及其相關因素之分析研究
作者:劉如蓉
作者(外文):Ju-Jung Liou
校院名稱:彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商系
指導教授:張德榮
林幸台
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:自我防衛機轉因應自我效能自我欺騙依附型態適應功能非行/犯罪有關行為受保護處分少年ego defense mechanismscoping self-efficacyself-deceptionattachment styleadjustment functiondelinquent / criminal related behaviorprobational juvenile delinquents
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受保護處分少年自我防衛機轉及其相關因素之分析研究
摘 要
本研究乃在分析自我防衛機轉特性及其與年齡、性別、因應自我效能、自我欺騙、依附型態、適應功能和少年非行/犯罪等因素的關聯性。本研究群體樣本(受保護處分少年N=417¸正常青少年N=156 ¸總人數N=573 )必須填答三份問卷與二份研究者自編量表¸透過t-test、χ2 、ANOVA與MANOVA等統計分析¸本研究的實證比較結果¸有下列重要發現:
1. 研究者自編自我防衛機轉量表(簡稱EDMI )包括六種因應威脅的防衛型態:「攻擊自我」(TAS)、「攻擊客體」(TAO)、「投射」(PRO)、「反轉」(REV) 、「原則化」(PRN)和「成熟」(MAT)。根據MANOVA分析顯示受保護處分少年在六種防衛型態有顯著差異¸意即表示他們無法平衡使用各種防衛機轉。
2. 六種防衛機轉反映在真正行為、幻想行為、想法和心情四種心理層面有顯著的差異。
3. 六種防衛機轉在低、中、高不同程度的自我欺騙有顯著的差異。
4. 除了年齡、性別和非行/犯罪行為有關變項之外¸受保護處分少年與正常組青少年的防衛機轉有顯著差異。另外¸防衛機轉與因應自我效能、依附型態和適應功能皆有顯著的相關性。
5. 徑路模式分析顯示TAO與因應自我效能、安全依附、適應功能與非行程度存有直接、間接和整體的效果(R2=15.5)。
本研究發現¸不僅強調從不成熟防衛改變為成熟防衛的重要性¸進一步地¸犯罪諮商員可參照EDMI工具(以此為基礎而提供防衛機轉側面圖)¸將有助於改善受保護處分少年的適應表現(因應自我效能、安全依附和適應功能) ¸並且降低非行行為。
關鍵字:自我防衛機轉、因應自我效能、自我欺騙、依附型態、適應功能、非行/犯罪有關行為、受保護處分少年。
The analysis of the Ego Defense Mechanisms of the probational
juvenile delinquents and its related factors
Ju-Jung Liou
Abstract
This study investigated the Ego Defense Mechanisms and its related variables including age, sex, coping self-efficacy, self-deception, attachment style, adjustment function, delinquent intensity, types of offenses, and criminal / delinquent arrested records, among probational juvenile delinquents in Taiwan. For the sake of this study, population samples(probationer N=417, normal N=156, total N=573)completed two published surveys from others and three developed/ revised scales from researcher .
By t-test, χ2-test, ANOVA and MANOVA, the empirical comparisons revealed the major findings as follow:
1. The Ego Defense Mechanisms Inventory(EDMI)was designed to assess six categories of defensive response to threat: Turning Against Self (TAS), Turning Against Object(TAO), Projection(PRO), Reversal(REV), Principalization(PRN), and Mature ( MAT). Multivariate analyses indicated that there are significant differences among 6 defense mechanisms in population samples. It meant that had no balance in defensive responses.
2. The 6 defense mechanisms at the four levels of actual behavior, fantasy behavior, thought and affect displayed significant differences.
3. There were a significant overall differences among high, middle and low self-deception group in 6 defense mechanisms.
4. Except age, gender and delinquent / criminal behaviors related variables, the difference between probational and normal group were significant. In addition, the differences were found in the relationship of defense mechanisms to coping self—efficacy, attachment styles and adjustment function.
5. The path model showed that the relation between variables of coping self-efficacy, TAO, secure attachment style, adjustment function and delinquent intensity existed direct , indirect and total effects(R2=15.5).
The findings highlight the importance of changing from immature to mature defense mechanisms corresponding with developmental age and situational factors . Furthermore , criminal counselor adherence to the EDMI protocol (based on defense mechanisms profile) was associated with improved adoption(coping self-efficacy, secure attachment style, adjustment function) and decreased delinquent behavior.
Keywords: ego defense mechanisms, coping self-efficacy, self-deception, attachment style, adjustment function, delinquent / criminal related behavior, probational juvenile delinquents.
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