Owing to the occurrence of several severe residential fires in the past few years, the public has paid much more attention on the relevant policies as well as less casualty and damage. Statistics show that there were 722 fire accidents in New Taipei City from 2010 to 2014, and 342 cases were among them. New Taipei City has a large area with dense population which always causes serious casualty and damage during fires. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the characteristics and the main factors of residential fires based on the statistical data from New Taipei City Fire Department. It is expected that the research can afford effective suggestions with policies on preventions for government. According to the residential fire database of New Taipei City constructed by the literature reviews and Secondary Data Analysis method, the research develops two major subjects by SPSS statistic software the characteristics and the interactive relevancies among spatiotemporal factor, structural factor, fire factor and the damage of fires. The results identify winter is the most frequent time for residential fires; the areas with population over 100 thousand, especially Sanchong and Banqiao are the targeted ones. Approximately 77.5% of the fires are occurred under five floors, and the major fire origin is the bedroom and the leading cause is the electrical factor. The further study to the fire factors identifies the significant relevance between spatiotemporal and structural factor, between spatiotemporal and fire factor, as well as among spatiotemporal factor, structural factor, fire factor, and damage.