臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：青少年長期離家歷程與親子離合關係變化之研究
作者：陳志賢 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen Chih-Hsien
校院名稱：國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱：輔導研究所
指導教授：戴嘉南
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2004
主題關鍵詞：離家出走；青少年；離家歷程；親子離合；runaway；adolescent；runaway process；attachment-separation relationship
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:51
本研究旨在建構出離家出走青少年長期離家的發展歷程，並探討在長期離家歷程中親子離合關係的變化情形。為達上述目標，本研究採用質的研究法，以深度訪談為主要的收集資料方式，訪談七位離家出走後長期離家居住一年以上的青少年，並以紮根理論為分析方法，使用MAXQDA電腦軟體協助分析，結果如下：
一、青少年長期離家具有階段性與發展性的歷程，依時間軸的發展，共可分為三個階段及七個子時期，在不同階段青少年的生活適應狀態皆不同。
二、親子離合關係隨離家歷程而變化，不同階段皆有其相對應的離合狀態，依序是「離合矛盾」、「趨向於離」、「離的狀態」、「趨向於合」、「離合調整」、「離合平衡」；其中前五種狀態是所有受訪者共同的經歷，「離合平衡」則只有部分受訪者經歷過。且家庭結構破壞的青少年，其親子依附還會產生認同轉移的現象。
三、不同離家階段具有其特殊之動態發展歷程與影響因素。在「蘊釀離家階段」其動態發展的歷程是「親子衝突循環」的發展與打破，而其長期影響因素則包含「親子連結不良」、「家外影響漸增」、「自主要求漸增」；在「離家生活不穩定階段」其動態發展的歷程是「危機循環」的發展與克服，而其影響因素則包含「保護因素」、「危險因素」、「助力因素」；在「相對穩定階段」其動態發展的歷程是「親子關係重新建構」，青少年重新調整親子距離、角色期望等。
四、良好的親子連結有助於青少年自主行為的發展，離家出走青少年雖然與親人的關係暫時性斷裂，自主行為的空間大增，但是在對於親子連結的需求與家庭傷害，還是持續負面影響著青少年的家外發展，過早的獨立自主，也讓青少年陷入更多危機之中。
五、保護因素與危險因素會影響青少年離家生活時的危機程度，青少年具有的「危險因素」愈多，則危機狀態愈嚴重，但青少年具有之「保護因素」則能降低「危險因素」的作用，讓青少年家外適應情況改善。
基於以上研究結果，本研究並提出對於實務工作與未來研究之建議，以作為教育、輔導、諮商、社會工作機構與人員參考。
This study is aimed to construct the developing process of adolescents’ long-term runaway-from home, and investigate how the attachment-separation relationship changes between parents and children. To attain these aims, this study adopted qualitative methodology, mainly using qualitatively deep interviews to collect data. Seven adolescents, who had run away from home for more than one year, were interviewed. Analyzed with grounded theory and assisted by MAXQDA software, the research presents the following findings:
1.Adolescents’ long-term runaway from home shows processes in stages and in development. The processes can be divided, chronologically, into three stages and seven subperiods, during which the adolescents showed various life-adapting states.
2.The attachment-separation relationship between parents and children varies in accordance with the runaway-from-home processes. Each stages correspond with different states of attachment-separation, which include “attachment-separation discrepancy” “going toward separation” “the state of separation” “going toward attachment” “adjustment of attachment-separation” “balance of attachment-separation”. The first four states are experienced by all the interviewees, while the other two are experienced by only some of the interviewees. Among those adolescents whose family structures have been damaged, their parent-child attachment shows identification transference.
3.Each runaway stage displays its particular dynamic developing process and determinants. During the “runaway conceiving stage”, the dynamic developing process is the development and disruption of “parent-child confrontation circulation,” and the long-term determinants include “bad parent-child link,” “outside influences increase” and “autonomic demand increase”; during the “the away-from-home unstable stage”, the dynamic developing process is the development and overcoming of “crisis circulation”, and its determinants are “protection factors” “risk factors” and “facilitating factors”; during the “relatively stable stage”, the dynamic development process is “rehabilitating the parent-child relationship”, in which adolescents try to readjust the parent-child distance, role expectation, etc.
4.Congenial parent-child link contributes to adolescents’ development in autonomic behavior. Though runaway teenagers temporarily disconnect the family link and can enjoy much more space for autonomic behavior, the need for family link and the family damage remain negatively affecting teenagers’ development abroad. Premature independence can put adolescents in more crises.
5.Protection factors and risk factors will affect adolescents’ exposure to crisis when abroad. The more “risk factors” an adolescent has, the more serious a crisis state he is in. The “protection factors”, however, can reduce the functioning of “risk factors”, and improve adolescents’ adjustment abroad.
Based on the research findings above, the study also offers some suggestions on related practices and future research as reference for personnel in education, counseling, guidance, and social work.
壹、中文部分
王美娟(民92)：青少年中輟相關因素及社會不良適應關聯性之研究。玄奘社會科學學報，1期，279-319頁。new window
內政部統計處(民88)：中華民國台閩地區少年身心狀況調查報告。台北:內政部。
李美枝(民87)：中國人的親子關係的內涵與功能:以大學為例。本土心理學研究，9期，3-52頁。new window
余德慧、蔡怡佳(民84)：離合在青少年發展歷程的意義。本土心理學研究，3期，93-140頁。new window
余德慧、顧瑜君(民89)：父母眼中的離合處境與現代倫理意涵。應用心理研究，6期，173-211頁。new window
巫珍宜(民91):青少年逃家與家庭互動關係的探討。輔導季刊，38卷(2期)，53-58頁。new window
呂麗雪(民86)：青少年心理分離意義之探討。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
林巧翊(民91)：折翼與展翅:犯案少年與家庭系統相互影響歷程之探討。國立台灣大學社會工作系碩士論文。
林世英(民83)：青少年的規範意識、自我意識及社會態度對偏差行為影響之研究。警專叢刊，24卷(4期)，231-266頁。new window
林秀怡、馬傳鎮、陳玉書(民92)：心理特質、緊張對少年偏差及犯罪行為影響之研究。玄奘社會科學學報，1期，320-353頁。new window
林昭溶、林惠雅(民88)：國中學生親子衝突的因應歷程。本土心理學研究，11期，47-101頁。new window
吳秀莉(民91)：復原力對國中單親家庭學生生活適應之影響。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商系碩士論文。
周美智(民92)：家庭因素、子女道德觀與青少年偏差行為之關係研究。載於齊力、董旭英(主編)：台灣青少年偏差行為之剖析(199-224頁)。嘉義：南華教社所。new window
周麗玉(民89)：青少年與母親離合關係與變化歷程之研究:以一個曾經自殺青少女的生命史為例。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。new window
邱秀燕(民88)：青少年家庭系統分化、心理分離-個體化、自我發展及情緒適應之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
姚淑芬(民83)：少年逃家與資源運用之研究。私立東海大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
孫世雄(民86)：親子依附與分離個體化：大學時期的發展。教育與心理研究，20期，271-296頁。
張婷菀(民90)：由青少年離家經驗探討家的意義。國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。
曹育瑞(民90)：家是起點，也是終點?少年逃家歷程之探究。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
陳向明(民91)：社會科學質的研究。台北：五南出版社。new window
陳志賢(民87)：後現代的諮商與輔導。輔導季刊，34卷(2期)，23-30頁。new window
陳志賢、戴嘉南、連廷嘉(民92)：初為人父母心理調適之研究。諮商輔導學報，9期，17-46頁。new window
陳斐虹(民85)：大學生離家經驗及其與父母依附關係改變之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。
陳慧女(民80)：從娼少女之個人及家庭特質與其逃家行為之分析。私立東吳大學社會工作學系碩士論文。
陳秉華(民84)：諮商中大學生的心理分離-個體化衝突改變歷程研究。教育心理學報，28期，145-176頁。new window
陳燕錚(民88)：成年前期女性從原生家庭到婚姻家庭的心理依附與分離歷程之探討。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
黃聖桂(民91)：家庭脈絡中青少年自主行為展現之研究：從系統整合的觀點探討。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商系博士論文。new window
黃囇莉(民88)：人際和諧與衝突：本土化的理論與研究。台北：桂冠出版社。new window
葉光輝(民84)：孝道困境的消解模式及其相關因素。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，79期，87-118頁。
葉光輝(民85)：親子互動的困境與衝突及其因應方式:孝道觀點的探討。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，82期，65-114頁。
葉光輝(民88)：家庭中的循環性衝突。應用心理研究，2期，41-82頁。new window
趙雍生(民86)：對少年逃家逃學問題的探究。社會建設，96期， 45-61頁。
趙碧華(民85)：少年逃學、逃家行為的推力與拉力:一項抑制理論的實證研究。東吳社會工作學報，2期，273-304頁。new window
蔡秀玲、吳麗娟(民86)：不同性別大學生依附關係、個體化與適應之研究。教育心理學報，30期，73-90頁。new window
蔡素妙(民92)：復原力在受創家庭諮商復健工作中的應用。測驗季刊，39卷(2期)，42-49頁。new window
劉佩雲(民84)：國民中小學中途輟學成因及輔導策略之探討。教育研究資訊，3卷(2期)，85-93頁。new window
戴嘉南、連廷嘉、陳志賢(民92)：EQUIP方案對高危險群青少年認知扭曲之團體諮商效果研究。諮商輔導學報，7期，1-26頁。new window
顏郁心(民91)：中輟復學生復原力建構歷程之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文。
蕭文(民89)：災變事件前的前置因素對心理復健的影響-復原力的探討與建構。測驗與輔導，156期，3249-3254頁。
貳、西文部分
Adams, G., Gullotta, T., & Clancy, M. (1985). Homeless adolescents: A descriptive study of similarities and differences between runaways and thruways. Adolescence, 20, 715-724.
Agnew, R., & White, H. R. (1992). An empirical test of general strain theory. Criminology, 30(4), 475-499.new window
Allison, M., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1988). Differentiation and individuation as mediation as mediators of identity and intimacy in adolescent. Journal of Adolescence Research, 3, 1-16.
Ayerst, S. L. (1999). Depression and stress in street youth. Adolescence, 34(135), 567-575.
Barnard, C. P. (1994). Resiliency: A shift in our perception. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 135-144.
Barnes, G. M., & Farrell, M. P. (1992). Parental support and control as predictors of adolescent drinking, delinquency, and related problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 54, 763-776.
Blatt, S. J., & Blass, R. B. (1990). Attachment and separateness: A dialectic model of the products and process of development through out the life cycle. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 45, 107-127.
Blos, P. (1979). The adolescent-parental separation. New York: International University Press.
Bloom, M. V. (1980). Adolescent-parental separation. New York: Gardner Press.
Bomer, J. K., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1996). Family systemdynamics, gender, and psychological maturity in late adolescence, Journal of Adolescence Research, 11(4), 421-440.
Bowen, W. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson, Inc.
Bulcroft, R. A., Carmody, D. C., & Bulcroft, K. A. (1996). Patterns of parental independence given to adolescents: Variations by race, age, and gender of child. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 866-883.
Burkhead, W. H., & Burkhead, E. J. (1989). Runaway children in America: A review of the literature. Education and Treatment of Children, 12(1), 73-81.
Bynner, J., O’Malley, P., & Bachman, J. (1981). Self-esteem and delinquency revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10, 407-441.
Cashdan, S. (1988). Object relations therapy: Using the relationship. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Coco, E. L., & Courtney, L. J.(1998). A family systems approach for preventing adolescent runaway behavior. Adolescence, 33(130), 485-496.
Crespi, T. D., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1993). Adolescent runaways and family strife: A conflict-induced differentiation framework. Adolescence, 28, 867-879.
Daniel, J. A. (1990). Adolescent separation-individuation and family transitions. Adolescence, 25(97), 105-127.
Dunham, R. G., & Alpert, G. P. (1987). Keeping juvenile delinquents in school: A prediction model. Adolescence, 22, 45-57.
Ellem, S. (1992). Anyplace but here: Young, alone, and homeless: What to do. New York: Macmillam.
Emery, R. E. (1992). Family conflicts and their developmental implications: A conceptual analysis of meanings for the structure of relationships. In C. U. Shantz & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Conflict in child and adolescent development. New York: Cambridge University press.
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York: Norton.
Fine, M. A. (1986). Perceptions of stepparents: Variations in stereotypes as a function of current family structure. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 537-543.
Fisher, P. J. (1989). Estimating the prevalence of alcohol, drug and mental health problems in the contemporary homeless population: A review of the literature. Contemporary Drug Problems, 16, 333-390.
Garbarino, J., & Garbarino, A. (1986). The adolescent runaway. In J. Garabino, C. Schellenbach, & J. Sebes (Eds.), Troubled youth, troubled family. New York: Aldine.
Gardner, F. E. M. (1992). Parent-child interaction and conduct disorder. Educational Psychology Review, 4, 135-163.
Gavazzi, S. M. (1993). The relations between family differentiation level in families with adolescent and the severity of presenting problems. Family Relations, 47, 178-185.
Grande, C. G. (1988). Delinquency: The learning disabled students’ reaction to academic school failure. Adolescence, 23, 209-219.
Greenberger, E., & McLaughlin, C. S. (1997). Attachment, coping, explanatory style in late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27(2), 121-139.
Greene, J. M., & Ringwalt, C. L. (1996). Youth and familial substance use’s association with suicide attempts among runaway and homeless youth. Substance Use & Misuse, 31,1041-1058.
Grossmann, K. E., & Grossmann, K. (1991). Attachment quality as an organizer of emotional and behavioral responses in a longitudinal perspective. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 93-114). London: Poutledge-Kegan Paul.
Harvey, M., & Byrd, M. (2000). Relationships between adolescents’ attachment styles and family functioning. Adolescence, 35(138), 345-356.
Hier, S. J., Korboot, P. J., & Schweiter, R. D. (1990 ). Social adjustment and symptomatology in two types of homeless adolescents: Runaways and thruways. Adolescence, 25, 761-770.
Hoffman, J. A. (1984). Psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 170-178.
Holaday, M., & MacPhearson, R. W. (1997). Resilience and server burns. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 346-356.
Homer, L. E. (1973). Community-based resource for runaway girls. Social Casework, 54, 473-479.
Jeffrey, A. (1990). Runaways, in their own words: Kids talking about living-on the streets. New York: RGA Publish Group.
Kroger, J. (1989). Identity in adolescence: The balance between self and other. New York: Routledge.
Kroger, J. (1996). Identity, regression, and development. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 203-222.
Kuhlman,T. L. (1994). Psychology on the street: Mental health practice with homeless persons. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kurtz, P. D., Kurtz, G. L., & Jarvis, S. V. (1991). Problems of maltreated runaway youth. Adolescence, 26(103), 545-555.
Lapsley, D. K., Rice, K. G., & Fitzgerald, D. P. (1990). Adolescent attachment, identity, and adjustment to college: Implications for the continuity of adaptation hypothesis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68, 561-565.
Lappin, J., & Covelman, D. W. (1985). Adolescent runaways: A structural family therapy perspective. In M. P. Mirkin & S. L. Koman (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent and family therapy. New York: Gardner Press.
Larson, J. H., & Lowe, W. (1990). Family cohesion and personal space in families with adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 101-108.
le Roux, J. (1996). The worldwide phenomenon of street children: Conceptual analysis. Adolescence, 31(124), 965-973.
le Roux, J., & Smith, C. S. (1998). Is the child phenomenon synonymous with deviant behavior? Adolescence, 33(132), 915-925.
Lopez, F. G., & Gover, M. R. (1993). Self-report measures of parent-adolescent attachment and separation -individuation: A selective review. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 560-569.
Mailman, P. W. (1979). Cross-sectional age changes in ego identity status during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 15, 230-241.
Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular vs multiple modes of attachment: Gindings and directions for future research. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 127-159). London: Poutledge-Kegan Paul.
Main, M. (1996). Introduction to the section on attachment objects and psychopathology: Overview of the field of attachment. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 237-243.
Marica, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley.
Matula, K. E., Huston, T. L., Grotevant, H. D., & Zamutt, A. (1992). Identity and dating commitment among women and men in college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21, 339-356.
Melson, B. K. (1995). Runaway adolescents: A family system perspective. New York: Garland.
Miller, A. T., Eggertson-tacon, C., & Quigg, B. (1990). Patterns of runaway behavior within a larger systems context: The road to empowerment. Adolescence, 25, 271-290.
Mirkin, M. P., Paskin, P. A., & Antognini, F. C. (1984). Parenting, protecting, preserving: Mission of the adolescent female runaway. Family Process, 23, 63-74.
Mitchell, J., Dodder, R. A., & Norris, T. D. (1990). Neutralization and delinquency: A comparison by sex and ethnicity. Adolescence, 25, 487-497.
Molnar, B. E., Shade, S. B., Kral, A. H., Booth, R. E., & Watters, J. K. (1998). Suicidal behavior and sexual/ physical abuse among street youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 213-222.
Moore, D. (1987). Parent-adolescent separation : The construction of adulthood by late adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 23(2), 298-307.
Mundy, P., Robertson, M., Robertson, J., & Greenblatt, M. (1990). The prevalence of psychotic symptoms in homeless adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 724-731.
Noom, M. J., Dekovic, M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (1999). Autonomy, attachment and psychosocial adjustment during adolescence: A double-edged sword? Journal of Adolescence, 22, 771-781.
O’Connor, B. P. (1995). Identity development and perceived parental behavior as sources of adolescent egocentrism. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 205-227.
Orten, J. D., Soll, S. K. (1980). Runaway children and their families: A treatment typology. Journal of Family Issues, 1(2), 249-261.
Pabon, E., Rodriguez, O., & Gurin, G. (1992). Clarifying peer relations and delinguency. Youth and Society, 24, 149-165.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). A social learning approach to family intervention:Ⅲ . coervive family process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Plass, P. S., & Hotaling, G. T. (1995). The intergenerational transmission of running away: Childhood experiences of the parents of runaways. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(3), 335-348.
Quintana, S. M., & Kerr, J. (1993). Relational needs in late adolescent separation-individuation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71(3), 349-355.
Quintana, S. M., & Lapsly, D. K. (1990). Rapprochement in late adolescent separation-individuation: A structural equations approach. Journal of Adolescence Psychiatric , 13, 371-385.
Rew, L. (2000). Friends and pets as companions: Strategies for coping with loneliness among homeless youth. Journal of Child & Adolescence Psychiatric Nursing, 13(3), 125-133.
Rice, K. G. (1990). Attachment in adolescent: A narrative and metaanalytic review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(5), 511-538.
Roberts, A. R. (1982). Stress and coping patterns among adolescent runaways. Journal of Social Service Research, 5, 15-27.
Rohr, M. E. (1996). Identifying adolescent runaways: The predictive utility of the personality inventory for children. Adolescence, 31(123), 605-623.
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual consideration. Journal of Adolescent Heath, 14, 626-631.
Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. H. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and youth adulthood. Child development, 60, 340-356.
Samuolis, J., Layburn, K., & Schiaffino, K. M. (2001). Identity development and attachment to parents in college students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 373-384.
Schaffer, L. (1998). Searching for connection: A new look at teenaged runaways. Adolescence, 33(131), 619-627.
Schultheiss, D. P., & Blustein, D. L. (1994a).Contributions of family relationship factors to the identity formation process. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 159-166.
Schultheiss, D. P., & Blustein, D. L. (1994b). Role of adolescent -parent relationships in college student development and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 248-255.
Schwartzman, J., & Restivo, R. J. (1985). Acting out and staying in :Juvenile probation and the family. In J. Schwartzman (Ed.), Family and other systems: The macrosystemic context of family therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Shano, E. G. (1996). What about America’s homeless children? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sharlin, S. A., & Mor-Barak, M. (1992). Runaway girls in distress: Motivation, background, and personality. Adolescence, 27, 387-405.
Skeen, P., Covi, R. B., & Robinson, B. E. (1985). Stepfamilies: A review of the literature with suggestions for practitioners. Journal of Counseling and Development, 64, 121-125.
Smart, R. G., & Ogborne, A. C. (1994). Street youth in substance abuse treatment: Characteristics and treatment compliance. Adolescence, 29(115), 733-745.
Smart, R. G., & Walsh, G. (1993). Predictors of depression in street youth. Adolescence, 28, 41-53.
Smetana, J. G. (1989). Adolescents’ and parents’ reasoning about actual family conflict. Child Development, 60, 1052-1067.
Snow, D. A., & Anderson, L. (1987). Identity work among the homeless: The verbal construction and avowal of personal identities. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 1336-1371.
Springer, D. W. (1998). Validation of the adolescent concerns evaluation (ACE): Detecting indicators of runaway behavior in adolescents. Social Work Research, 22, 241-250.
Steinberg, L., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986). The Vicissitudes of autonomy in early Adolescent. Child Development, 57, 841-851.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Unger, J. B., Kipke, M. D., Simon, T. R., Johnson, C. J., Montgomery, S. B., & Iverson, E. (1998). Stress, coping, and social support among homeless yough. Journal of Adolescence Research, 13(2), 134-157.
Walsh, F. (1998). Strengthening family resilience. CA: SAGE.
Waterman, A. S.(1982). Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a research. Development Psychology, 18, 341-358.
Waters, E. P., & Crowell, J. A. (1994). The development of attachment: From control system to working models. Psychiatry Interpersonal and Biological Process, 57(1), 407-415.
Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D., & Ackley, K. (1997). Abusive family backgrounds and late victimization among runaway and homeless adolescents. Journal of Adolescence Research, 7, 375-392.
Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D., & Bao, W. (2000). Depressive symptoms and co-occuring depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and conduct problems among runaway and homeless adolescents. Child Development, 71(3), 721-732.
Windle, M. (1989). Substance use and abuse among adolescent runaway: A four-year follow-up study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 18(4), 331-345.
Yoder, K. A. (1999). Comparing suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and non-suicidal homeless and runaway adolescents. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 29, 25-36.
Yoder, K. A., Hoyt, D., & Whitbeck, L. B. (1998). Suicidal behavior among homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27, 753-771.
Zide, M. R., & Cherry, A. L. (1992). A typology of runaway youths: An empirically based definition. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 9(2), 155-168.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：686（臺灣：680，外國：6） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1695817 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67497447
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上