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題名:美國老人寄宿所學習機制在我國實施可行性之研究
作者:張良鏗
作者(外文):Liang-keng Chang
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:成人及繼續教育所
指導教授:黃富順
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:老人寄宿所課程方案高齡教育學習機制Elder educationElderhostelLearning MechanismProgramcurriculum
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(3) 專書(2) 專書論文(0)
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老人寄宿所是美國最大,也是國際上參與人數最多的老人學習型態,不僅美國五十個州都設有老人寄宿所學習組織,全球有90個以上的國家加入,每年註冊的學生人數超過16萬人。我國自1993年起正式邁入高齡化社會,人口老化速度居全球之冠,但是高齡教育自1982年成立長青學苑迄今,並無太大的改變,這一套為中低教育程度者設計的學習型態,已經無法滿足新銀髮族的學習需求,需要引進新的學習形式。本研究以「美國老人寄宿所學習機制在我國實施可行性之研究」為研究主題,主要目的即在探討美國老人寄宿所學習機制在我國實施之辦理單位、實施對象及內容、實施時間及地點、以及實施方法,根據研究結果,提出建議,以做為我國相關機構規劃老人學習活動之參考。
本研究以文件分析法及訪談法為主。根據研究發現,歸納出結論如下:
一、美國老人寄宿所學習機制深具特色,值得我國參考學習。
二、我國未來實施老人寄宿所學習機制有其必要性。
三、我國實施老人寄宿所學習機制,由大學辦理最具可行性。
四、我國實施老人寄宿所學習機制,如由大學以外的機構辦理以民間組織最具可行性。
五、我國實施老人寄宿所學習機制,其教育對象以高教育程度者為宜。
六、我國實施老人寄宿所之課程內容,可參考現行美國老人寄宿所的內容,並增列與我國社會實況有關的主題。
七、我國大學辦理老人寄宿所學習機制,在辦理時間方面,以寒暑假為先,平日實施為次。
八、我國實施老人寄宿所學習機制之策略,可由學術界作理念的引領,並透過策略運用,來發揮宣導與行銷的效果。
九、我國辦理老人寄宿所宜先行由大學或民間組織試辦,視試辦結果再推廣。
十、我國辦理老人寄宿所之經費,可由政府補助、承辦單位自籌、以及參與學員繳交部份學費等三種方式籌措。
本研究之建議包括對大學、民間組織、中央政府及未來研究四方面提出建議,臚列如下:
一、對大學之建議
(一)、大學領導者應體認社會的變遷,調整大學經營理念,並兼負老人教育的責任。
(二)、排除辦理的障礙,解決辦理問題。
1. 辦理相關研習活動,調整教師對大學弁鉬P角色的認知。
2. 於寒暑假期間先行試辦,解決初期硬體設施不足問題。
3. 開拓財源解決經費不足的問題。
二、對民間組織之建議
(一)、順應社會變遷,民間非營利組織可以主動來試辦老人寄宿所學習機制。
(二)、採取與大學合作或同儕志工教師,克服專業師資的欠缺。
(三)、尋求多元管道,解決經費不足。
(四)、採取職前訓練或招募行政志工,解決行政人員專業能力的不足。
(五)、尋求與其他機構建立夥伴關係,解決場地及設備不足。
三、對中央政府之建議
(一)、採取多元管道,推展老人寄宿所的學習機制。
1. 透過大學校長會議,建立大學領導人的理念。
2. 建置老人專屬網站,運用網路來宣導。
3. 列入施政計畫,運用政策來倡導。
4. 徵詢有意願的大學,提供補助經費誘因進行試辦。
5. 編印手冊,向高齡者行銷。
(二)、寬籌老人教育經費,辦理老人寄宿所活動。
四、對未來研究之建議
(一)、研究範圍可以擴及美國以外的國家。
(二)、研究對象可以把學員、大學校院、民間組織及社會大眾納入。
(三)、研究方法可以多元進行。
Abstract
The Elderhostel is America’s biggest and the most participated learning institute for elder education throughout the world. Not only the 50 states in America have their own Elderhostels, but there are more than 90 countries that have joined the organization, amounting to more than 160,000 registrants every year. Taiwan has officially become an aging society since 1993, with the highest aging pace all over the world. However, since the establishment of elder college in 1982, elder education hasn’t made much progress. The elder college, designed mainly for primary education, can no longer sustain the needs for elders nowadays. It is thus necessary to introduce alternative ways of learning. This study, titled “Study on the Feasibility of Practicing America’s Elderhostel Learning Mechanism in Taiwan,” mainly explores the who, whom, what, when and how American Elderhostel is practiced in Taiwan and, offers suggestion according to the discovery, so as to make reference for related institutes in programming similar learning activities for the elders.
The Methodology of the study are interviews and documental analysis. The conclusions are as such:
1. America’s Elderhostel learning mechanism, with its distinguished features, is worthwhile for Taiwan to refer to and learn.
2. It is necessary in Taiwan that we practice Elderhostel learning mechanism in near future.
3. It is college that is most viable to carry out Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan.
4. Aside from university, it is non-governmental institutes that are most viable to carry out Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan.
5. The Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan is targeted at those with a higher level of education.
6. The content of the program in the Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan can refer to that in America, amplified with localized social issues.
7. The most suitable time to carry out Elderhostel programs in Taiwan is summer and winter vacation, subordinated by workdays.
8. The strategy for Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan can be guided by academic advice, so as to achieve effective propagation and marketing.
9. Elderhostel learning mechanism in Taiwan is most favorable to be initiated by colleges or non-governmental institutes. Further promotion depends on the result of such initiation.
10. The expense of carrying out Elderhostel learning mechanism can be subsidized by the government, raised by the institutions in charge, or partly submitted by participants.
The suggestion of my research, as follows, includes four distinct aspects:
suggestions for colleges, for non-governmental institutes, for central government and for further studies.
Ⅰ. Suggestions for colleges
A. College leaders should be aware of the change in society, to adjust the aim accordingly, and share the responsibility of elder education. (“share” the responsibility, not take.)
B. Overcome all barriers in the process of execution, and solve all problems within.
1. Carry out related learning programs to adjust the teachers’ perception toward the function and role of college.
2. Initiate the learning mechanism during summer or winter vacation, to solve the problem of inadequate equipment on the initial stage.
3. Seek out financial aids to resolve the limited budget.
Ⅱ. Suggestions for non-governmental institutes
A. Orientate the change in society. Non-governmental, non-profit institutes can take the initiation in carrying out Elderhostel learning mechanism.
B. Cooperate with colleges or “peer voluntary teachers” to complement the short of faculty. (“Peer voluntary teachers” refer to a group of elder participants, among whom used to be college teachers. Invite them to become Elderhostel volunteers to teach other elders, so that they are both peer participants as well as teachers.)
C. Seek out different ways to resolve the limited budget.
D. Adopt pre-profession training or enlist volunteer administrators to resolve the inadequate professional capacity.
E. Establish partnership with other organizations to resolve the inadequate revenue and equipment.
Ⅲ. Suggestions for central government
A. Adopt multiple means to propagate Elderhostel learning mechanism.
1. Establish perspectives for college leaders through principal conferences.
2. Set up websites exclusively for elders, and propagate the programs via the cyber sources.
3. Incorporate the leaning mechanism into administrative projects and propagate the programs with policies.
4. Ask for colleges that are willing to take charge, and offer financial subsidy to encourage initiation.
5. Publish pamphlets to sell the program to the elders.
B. Raise surplus funds for elder education and hold Elderhostel activities.
Ⅳ. Suggestions for further studies
A. The scope of research can extend to other countries aside from America.
B. Research target can incorporate participants, colleges, non-governmental institutes and the public.
C. Versatile methodologies are expected.
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