一、中文文獻
中國城市競爭力研究會主編（2009），《中國城市競爭力年鑑-2009》，深圳：中國城市競爭力研究會出版社。
王文科（2001），《教育研究法—教育研究的理論與實務》，五南出版社，台北市
左峻德等（2002），《地方競爭力評比研究》，行政院經濟建設委員會委託研究報告，未出版。
江大樹（2011），《建構我國城市國際競爭力指標體系》，行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，未出版。
江啟臣、黃富娟（2006），〈全球化下城市競爭力指標之探討〉，《研考雙月刊》，第255 期，頁27-41。
江逸之（2008），〈2008年幸福城市大調查：永續管理比盲目建設重要〉，《天下雜誌》，2008年9月，頁102-109。
江瑞祥（2010），《台灣公共治理指標建立之研究》，公共治理研究中心委託研究報告，未出版。
吳文彥、謝宏昌（2002），〈都市政治研究的典範移轉現象之探討〉，《公共事務評論》，第3卷第1期，頁69-91。吳榮義（1998），〈提昇國家競爭力之策略與作法〉，《臺灣經濟預測與政策》，第28卷第2期，頁77-85。吳濟華（2010a），《2009世運會對高雄市整體社會發展影響之研究》，高雄市政府研考會委託研究報告，未出版。
吳濟華（2010b），《高雄市縣合併總體發展政策規劃》，高雄市政府研考會委託研究報告，未出版。
吳濟華、柯志昌（2010c），〈城市治理典範移轉與環境治理的趨勢—雅典憲章的啟示〉，《城市學學刊》，第一卷第一期，頁1-26。吳濟華、張玉山、李樑堅（2010d），《高雄市經濟發展白皮書》，高雄市政府經濟發展局委託研究報告，未出版。
宋玉珍（2005），〈城市競爭力評比初探〉，《臺灣經濟論衡》，第3 卷第7期，頁1-21。
李仁耀（2010），《高雄市縣產經情勢分析》，高雄市政府經濟發展局委託研究報告，98年、99年1-4季專報，未出版。
李永展（2004），《城市生活品質評量之研究--由生活品質解析城市競爭力》，行政院國家科學委員會委託研究報告，未出版。
李明軒、邱如美合譯，Michael E. Porter 原著（1996），《國家競爭優勢（上、下）》，台北：天下文化。
李慧萍（2010），〈2009-2010 世界經濟論壇(WEF)全球競爭力排名分析》，台北：中華經濟研究院。
承立平等（2010），《國際競爭力評比指標與運用策略之研究》，行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，未出版。
易永嘉（2010），〈重要國際評比之勞動指標分析〉，《台灣勞工季刊》，第24期，頁84-97
林水波、李長晏（2005），《跨域治理》，台北：五南。林如貞等（2005），〈運用AHP探討技專校院經營績效指標〉，《商管科技季刊》，第六卷第一期，頁100。林奇伯（2008），〈2008年遠見縣市大調查：縱橫25縣市迎戰多空變局〉，《遠見雜誌》，2008年7月，頁260-289。
林金定等（2005），〈質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析〉，《身心障礙研究》，第3卷第2期，頁122-136。
林欽榮（2006），《城市空間治理的創新策略：三個台灣首都城市案例評析：台北、新竹及高雄》，台北：新自然主義
林琬純（2009），《從工業大港到觀光大港？－新舊發展議程衝突下的高雄港市再發展》，台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。
林倖妃（2010a），〈五都得利．豪門效應浮現〉，《天下雜誌》，第455期，頁124‐130。
林倖妃（2010b），〈2010 年25 縣市幸福城市大調查〉，《天下雜誌》，第455 期，頁116‐164。
姜杰、張善民、王在勇，2003，《城市競爭力》，濟南：山東人民出版社。
倪鵬飛主編（2003），《中國城市競爭力報告No.1 推銷：讓中國城市沸騰》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
倪鵬飛主編（2008），《中國城市競爭力報告No.6 品牌：城市最美的風景》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
倪鵬飛主編（2010），《中國城市競爭力報告No.8 競爭力：城市與國家共進退》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
倪鵬飛與Peter Karl Kresl 主編（2006），《全球城市競爭力報告2005-2006 競爭力：挑戰世界城市體系》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
倪鵬飛與Peter Karl Kresl 主編（2008），《全球城市競爭力報告2007-2008 城市：未来一切皆有可能》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
倪鵬飛與Peter Karl Kresl 主編（2010），《全球城市競爭力報告2009-2010 創新：城市競爭力不竭之源》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
馬群傑（2005），《多元社會下地方公眾發展認知與共識策略之研究－以高雄都市行銷為例》，國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所博士論文。高希均、石滋宜（1997），《競爭力手冊》，台北：天下文化。
張正瑜（2008），《美國鳳凰城城市治理研究》，東華大學公共行政學碩士論文。
張育哲（2004），〈臺灣地方政府招商政策初探─台北縣市個案分析〉，《公共事務評論》，第5卷第2期，頁93-110。張俊彥、洪佳君、曾心嫻等譯，Dramstad, W. E., Olson, J. D. &; R. T. T. Forman原著(2001)，《景觀建築及土地使用計畫之景觀生態原則》，臺北：地景。
張喬峰（2003），《都市競爭力指標之建構-以台北市及上海市為例》，台中：私立逢甲大學建築與都市計畫所碩士論文。
莊翰華（1998），《都市行銷理論與實務》，台北：建都。
陳文政、莊旻達（2007），〈國家發展與永續都會治理之聯動關係〉，收入於劉阿榮編，《都市治理與地方永續發展》，台北：揚智文化，頁59-81。
陳立剛、李長晏（2003），〈全球化治理──臺灣都會治理的困境與體制建構：地方政府跨區域合作探究〉，《中國地方自治》，第56卷第2期，頁4-19。陳亞甄(2008)，《承辦世界運動會對區域發展之公共價值分析 ─ 評估2009世運會對高雄的影響》。國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文。
陳冠位（2002），《城市競爭優勢評量系統之研究》，臺南成功大學都市計畫學系博士論文。陳冠位、 張學聖 、陳碧祥 (2004)，《從全球化趨勢與鉅型城市發展看城市競爭力》，第十一屆 (2004) 海峽兩岸城市發展與變遷研討會。
陳冠位、李永展(2007)，〈台南市民生活品質滿意度研究〉，《建築學報》，60期，頁1~26陳冠位、歐陽宇、施鴻志（2007），〈城市競爭力評量系統之研究〉，《嘉南學報：人文類》，第33 期，頁485-508。
陳韋妢（2003），《地區行銷與城市競爭力營造之研究》，臺南立德管理學院地區發展管理研究所碩士論文。
陳啟仁（2008），《推動高雄市綠色產業發展》，高雄市政府經濟發展局委託研究報告。
彭杏珠（2010），〈2010 年縣市競爭力報告〉，《遠見雜誌》，第288 期，頁176‐242。
曾耀瑩（2008），《城市創意競爭力評估體系建構之研究-檢視台北、台中與高雄》，逢甲大學土地管理學系碩士論文，
鈕則謙（2006），《全球城市之建構--以上海市為例》，台北政治大學中山人文社會科學所博士論文。黃文櫻（2000），《都市競爭力與製造業生產力關係之研究》，台北政治大學地政研究所碩士論文。
黃書禮（2004），《都市生態經濟與能量》，台北：詹氏書局。
楊菁琦(2002)，《高雄港對南部地區產業經濟影響之研究》，中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文。
葉雪芬(2008)，《應用城市規畫館行銷城市遠景與規劃理念之研究》，臺南成功大學都市計畫學系博士論文。
鄒應瑗譯，Richard Florida 原著（2003），《創意新貴－啟動新新經濟的精英勢力》，台北市：寶鼎。
翟光慧（2008），《2009 高雄世運主場館賽後利用最佳策略之研究》。國立高雄大學都市發展與建築研究所碩士論文。
劉坤億，（2002），〈全球治理趨勢下的國家定位與城市發展：治理網絡的解構與重組〉，國立台北大學，《行政暨政策學報》，第34 期，頁 57~83 。盧誌銘（1998），〈永續發展概念的興起與其演變〉，《永續發展導論》，李公哲主編，台北：中華民國環境工程學會，頁10-34。
盧怡安（2005），〈臺灣首度城市競爭力調查〉，《商業週刊》，第940期，頁126-130。
蕭峰雄 （1998），〈提昇國家競爭力，邁向廿一世紀〉，《臺灣經濟預測與政策》，第28卷第2期，頁55-85。薛立敏 （1998），〈WEF與IMD對國家競爭力衡量方法之比較〉，《臺灣經濟預測與政策》，第28卷第2期，頁37-53。薛立敏（1998）〈WEF與IMD對國家競爭力衡量方法之比較〉，《台灣經濟預測與政策》，二十八卷第二期，頁37-53。謝中琮（2010），〈如何提升我國競爭力--由IMD及WEF國際競爭力指標探討〉，《經濟研究》，第11期，頁63-90。謝曉雲（2005），〈健康城市大調查〉，《康健雜誌》，第82 期，頁186-202。
二、英文文獻
Agranoff, Robert,（2005）, “Managine Collaborative Performance,＂PublicPerformance &; Management Review, Vol.29, No.1, pp.18-45.
Anil Markandva and David W. Pearce,(1988), Natural Environments and the Social Rate of Discount.
Ashworth, G. J. and Voogd, H. （1988）,”Marketing the City- Concepts、Processes and Dutch Applications ”,TPR,vol.59, No.1,p.65-79.
Ashworth, G. J. &; Voogd, H.(1990), Selling the City: Marketing Approaches in Public Sector Urban Planning, London: Belhaven Press.
Augusto L. C. (2005), World Urban Competitiveness, Working Paper by World Economic Forum.
Barbarosoglu, G., &; Yazgac, T., (1997), “A application of the analytic hierarchy process to the supplier selection problem. ”Production and Inventory Management,38, pp.14-21.
Barbier E. (1989), Economics, Natural Resources, Scarcity and Development, London: Earthscan.
Begg, I. (1999), “Cities and Competitiveness. ” Urban Studies, 36(5/6):795-89.
Berg, L. Van Den, and Klaassen, L. H. and Meer, J. Van Den ,(1990), Marketing Metropolitan Regions,Rotterdam: Euricur.
Berg, L. Van Den, Erik, Braun (1999), “Urban Competitiveness, Marketing and The Need for Organising Capacity ”,Urban Studies, Vol. 36, Issue 5/6.
Borrup, T. (2006). The Creative Community Builder's Handbook: how to transform communities using local assets, art, and culture, Minn.: Fieldstone Alliance.
Braat, L. (1991), “The predictive meaning of sustainability indicator,In Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development”, edited by O.Kuik and H.Verbruggen, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp.57-70,
Bradley, A., T. Hall, and M. Harrison,（2002）, “Selling Cities：Promoting New Image for Meeting Tourism”, Cities,Vol.19, No.1, pp.61-70.
Brink,B.T. (1991), “The AMOEBA approach as a useful tool for establishing sustainable development?”, In Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development, edited by Kuik,O. and Verbruggen,H., Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp.71-87.
Deas, I. &; Giordano, B., (2001), ‘Conceptualizing and measuring urban competitiveness in major English cities: an exploratory approach,’Environment and Planning A, l33, pp.1411-1429.
Due,J.F., (1961), ‘Studies of State and Local Tax Influence on Location of Industry.’, National Tax Journal, 14(2), pp.163-173.
Digaetano, Alan and Elizabeth Strom ,(2003), “Comparative Urban Governance-An Integrated Approach.＂ Urban Affairs Review, Vol.38, No.3,pp.356-395.
Drake, G. (2003), “This Place Gives me Space: place and creativity in the creative industries,” Geoforum, 34(4), pp. 511-513.
Edward B. Barbier, (1989), Economics, natural-resource scarcity and development: Conventional and alternative views, Earthscan, London: UK.
Finkelstein, L. S., (1995 )“What is global governance,” Global Governance, Vol.1, No.3, pp.367-372.
Florida, R. (2002).”Bohemia and Economic Geography”, Oxford Journal of Economic Geography, 2,pp.55-71.
Folke, C. and Kaberger, T. (1991), “Linking the natural environment and the economy,” the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers ,pp.141-171.
Fretter, D. A.（1993）, “Place Marketing：A Local Authority Perspective”, in Gerry Kerns and Chris Philo（ed.）, Selling Places, Oxford: Pergamon.
Friedman, J.（2002）, “City Marketing and Quasi City-State: Two Model of Urban Development”, The Prospect of Cities, University of Minnesota Press, pp19-38.
Gabus A. and Fontela, E. （1972） World problems, an invitation to further thought within the framework of DEMATEL. Switzerland Geneva: Battelle Geneva Research Center.
Gilpin, A., (1995), Environmental Impact Assessment, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Goh, C. H., (1997), “A hierarchy process for robot selection.”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 16, pp.381-386.
Golden, B. L., Wasil, E. A., &; Harker, P. T. (1989), The Analytic Hierarchy Process Applications and Studies. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin.
Gordon, I.R. &; Cheshire, P.C. (1998), “Locational advantage and the lessons of territorial competition in Europ”’, Paper prepared for the International Workshop on “Theories of Regional Economic Renewal and Growth”, Uddevalla, Sweden, 14-16, June.
Gordon, I. R. and McCann, P.,(2000), “Industrial Clusters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks?”, Urban Studies, 37(3), pp.513-532.
Gotham, K. F.（2002）, “Marketing Mardi Gras: Commodification, Spectacle and Political Economy of Tourism in New Orleans”,Urban Studies, Vol.39.
Hedley Smyth (1994), Marketing the City: The Role of Flagship Developments in Urban Regeneration. : Taylor &; Francis.
Holcomb, B.（1993）, “City Make-overs：Marketing the Post-industrial City”, in R. Gold and Stephen V. Ward（ed.）， Place Promotion.
Hori, S. and Shimizu, Y., (1999), “Designing methods of human interface for supervisory control systems.”’Control Engineering Practice, 7(11), pp.1413-1419.
Hung, Y. H. Chou, S. C. T. and Tzeng, G. H., (2007), “Knowledge Management Strategic Planning.” IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration 2007, 13-15, Aug 2007, pp. 233-238.
Hunter, F. (1953), Community Power Structure. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Pross.
Iain Deas and Benito Giordano (2001), “Conceptualising and Measuring Urban Competitiveness in Major English Cities: An Exploratory Approach”, Environment and Planning A, Vol. 33, pp.1411-1429.
IMD .(1996), The World Competitiveness Yearbook , Lausanne , Switzerland
IMD. (2003). IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2003. Lausanne:International Institute for Management Development.
IMD .(2009). IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2009. Lausanne:International Institute for Management Development.
IMD .(2010). IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2009. Lausanne:International Institute for Management Development.
IMD .(2011). IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2010. Lausanne:International Institute for Management Development.
IUCN, UNEP and WWF .(1991), Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living, Switzerland: Gland.
James Gustava Spath ,(1989), The Environment: The Greening of Technology.
Jensen-Butler, C., Schacher, A. and Weesep, J.Van (Eds) ,(1997), European Cities in Competition, Aldershot: Avebury.
Jessop, B.（1993）,” Toward a Schumpeterian workfare state? Preliminary remarks on post fordist political economy., Studies in Political Economy, pp.7-39.
Jessop, B., （1994）,”From the Keynesian Welfare to The SchumpeterianWorkfare State, in Burrows, R. and Loader, B. (eds), “ Towards a Post-Fordist Welfare State? London: Routledge, pp.13-37.
Kamal, M., (2001), ‘Application of the AHP in project management.’, International Journal of Project Management, 19, pp.19-27.
Kettl, Donald F. (2000), “ The Transformation of Governance: Globalization,Devolution, and the Role of Government＂, Public Administration Review,Vol. 60, No.6, pp.488-497.
Khaksari, S., Kamath, R., &; Grieves, R., (1989), “A new approach to determining optimum portfolio mix.”, Journal of the Portfolio Management, 15, pp.43-49.
Kotler, P. &; Haider D. &; Rein, I., (1993), Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States, and Nations. New York: Maxwell Macmillan Int.
Kotler, P. &; Gertner, D., (2002), “Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective.”Special Issue Brand Management, 9(4-5), pp. 249-261.
Kotler, P., et al.（2002）, Marketing Asian places： attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states, and nations，Asia： John Wiley &; Sons Pte Ltd.
Krantz, M. and Schaetzl, L. (1997), ‘Marketing the city’, in C. Jensen-Butler and e. al. (eds) European Cities in competition, Aldershot: Avebury.
Kresl, P. K. (1995),The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness: A Survey. In P. K. Kresl and G. Gappert (Eds.), North American Cities and Global Economy pp.45-68
Krugman, P., (1996a), “ Urban Concentration: The Role of Increasing Returns and Ransport costs,” International Regional Science Review, 19, pp. 5-48.
Krugman, P., (1996b), “ Making Sense of The Competitiveness Debate,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12, pp. 483-499.
Lever, W. F. (1999), “Competitive Cities in Europe”, Urban Studies, Vol, 36, Nos 5-6, pp.1029-1044.
Lever, W. F. and Turok, I. (1999), “Competitive Cities: Introduction to the Review”, Urban Studies, Vol. 36, Nos 5-6, pp.791-793.
Lin C. J. and Wu, W. W., (2008), “A causal analytical method for group decision-making under fuzzy environment.”, Expert Systems with Applications, 34, pp.205-213.
Liou, J. J. H. Yen, L. and Tzeng, G. H., (2008), “Building an effective safety management system for airlines.”Journal of Air Transport Management, 14, pp.20–26.
Lipovetsky, S. &; Michael, C.W., (2002), “Robust estimation of priorities in the AHP.” European Journal of Operational Research, 137, pp.110-122.
Logan, John R. and Molotch, Harvey L. (1987), Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place, Berkeley :University of California Press.
Mehta, D. (1998), ‘Urban Governance: Lessons from Best Practices in Asia.’ UMP-Asia Occasional Paper No.40. Bangkok: United Nations Urban Management Program Regional Office for Asia and Pacific.
Mercer,(2009),Quality of Living Introduction.,Prepared and published by Mercer LLC.
Mohammed I., (2002), ‘Selecting the appropriate project delivery method using AHP.’ International Journal of Project Management, 20, pp.469-474.
Mollenkopf, J. (1983), The Contested City , Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Molotch, H. (1976), The city as a growth machine: Toward a political economy of Policy, American Jounary of Sociology 82, pp.309-330.
O’Hara, Sabine U. (1998), “Economics, Ethics and Sustainability: Redefining Connections”, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol.25, No.1, pp.43-62.
Oakerson, R. J. (2004), “The Study of Metropolitan Governance.” In R. C. Feiock (Eds.) Metropolitan Governance: Conflict, Competition, and Coperation. Washington D. C.: Georgetown University Press. pp. 17-45.
OECD,（1998）, Environmental Indicators, Paris: OECD.
Peter J.Buckley , Christopher L. Pass and Kate Prescott , （1988）“Measures ofInternational Competitiveness：A Critical Survey”,Journal of Marketing Management .
Philip Kotler, Irving Rein, and Donald Haider (1993), Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry and Tourism to Cities, States and Nations, The Free Press.
Pierre, Jon. (1999), Models of Urban Governance: The Institutional Dimension of Urban Politics , Urban affairs Review 34/3: 372-396.
Porter, M. E.,(1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan, Inc.
Porter, M. E.,(1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan, Inc.
Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community,New York: Simon and Schuster.
Ronan, P.（1993）, “City Marketing, Image Reconstruction and Urban Regeneration”, Urban Studies,Vol.30, pp.339-350.
Saaty, T. L., (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw- Hill.
Sainsbury ,L.,(2002), ‘A Practical Guide to Cluster Development.’A Report to the Department of Trade and Industry and the English RDAs by Ecotec Research &; Consulting.
Sassen, Saskia（1991）,The Global City,Princeton University Press.
Seyed-Hosseini, S. M. Safaei, N. and Asgharpour, M. J.,(2006), “Reprioritization of failures in a system failure mode and effects analysis by decision making trial and evaluation laboratory technique.”, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 91, pp.872–881.
Short, J.R. and Kim, Y.H. (1999), Globalization and the city. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
Stone, C. N. (1989), Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
Smyth, H.（1994）,Marketing the City,London：E＆FN Spon.
Sotarauta, M., Reija Linnamaa,（1998）, Urban Competitiveness and Management of Urban Policy Networks: Some Reflections from Tampere and Oulu, Paper presented in Conference Cities at the Millenium, London. England,.
Stubbs, B., Warnaby, G. and Medway, D.（2002）, “Marketing at the public/private sector interface; town centre management schemes in the south of England”, Cities, Vol.19, No.5, pp.317-326.
Short, J.R. and Kim, Y.H. (1999). Globalization and the city. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
Stéphane Garelli .（2011）,”Professor at IMD, Director of the World Competitiveness Center”, APPENDI X I I I THE FUNDAMENTALS AND HISTORY OF COMPETITIVENESS，IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2011，pp.503
Stone, C. L. (1989), Regime politics: Government Atlanta 1946-1988. Lawrence, K.A.: University Press of Knasas.
Stubbs, B., Warnaby, G. and Medway, D.（2002）, “Marketing at the public/private sector interface; town centre management schemes in the south of England”, Cities, Vol.19, No.5, pp.317-326.
Su, Y. K. and Zhang, S. J.(2007), “The Analysis of the Mutual Influence between the Work Safety Process Areas of Construction Company.”ICMSE 2007 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering, 20-22 Aug. 2007, pp.2363-2368.
Swyngedouw, E. A., （1992）, “The Mammon Quest, Glocalisation, Interspatial Competition and The Monetary Order: The Construction of New Spatial Scales, in Dunford, M. and Kafkalas (eds)”, Cities and Regions in the New Europe: the Global-Local Interplay and Spatial Development Strategies,London: Belhaven, pp.39-67.
Tamura, M. Nagata, H. and Akazawa, K.,(2002), “Extraction and systems analysis of factors that prevent safety and security by structural models.” Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference, IEEE Conference Proceeding, 3, 5-7 Aug. 2002, pp.1752-1759.
Tisdell,C.A. (1991),”Economic of Environmental Consercation”, Economics for Environment and Ecological Management. New York：Elsevier.
Tolba, M. K. (1987), Sustainable Development: Constraints and Opportunities, London: Butterworth.
Tsai, W. H. and Chou, W. C., (2008), ‘Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: A novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP.’ Expert Systems with Applications, Available online 10 December 2007.
Tzeng, G. H. Chiang, C. H. and Li, C. W., (2007), ‘Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL.’ Expert Systems with Applications, 32, pp.1028–1044.
Van Dijk, Meine Pieter (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries:The Theory and Practice of Urban Management. UK: Edward Elgar.
Waitt, G.（1999）, ‘Playing Games with Sydney: Marketing Sydney for the 2000 Olympics’, Urban Studies, Vol.36, No.7, pp.1055-1077.
Ward, S. V.（1998）, ‘Selling Places: The Marketing and Promotion of Towns and Cities 1850-2000’, London：E＆FN Spon.
Warnaby, G..（1998）, ‘Marketing UK cities as shopping destinations: problems and prospects’, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.5, No.5, pp55-58.
WCED ,(1987), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press.
Weber J.,(1929), A Theory of the Location of Industries, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Webster, D. &; Muller, L. (2000).“Urban Competitiveness Assessment in Developing Country Urban Regions: The Road Forward”, Paper Prepared for Urban Group, INFUD, The World Bank. Washington D.C., July 17.
WEF, (1996), The Global Competitiveness Report 1996, Geneva :World Economic Forum..
WEF, (2007). The Global Competitiveness Report 2007-2008. Geneva :World Economic Forum.
WEF, (2008). The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009. Geneva :World Economic Forum.
WEF, (2009). The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010. Geneva :World Economic Forum.
Wu, W. W. and Lee, Y. T., (2006), “Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method” Expert Systems with Applications, 32, pp. 499–507.
Wu, W. W., (2007), “Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach”Expert Systems with Applications,.